Providencia stuartii

(aka Proteus stuartii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Providencia stuartii, (aka Proteus stuartii), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 40.7%. Providencia stuartii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Farmer1985; Ewing1962; O'Hara2000; Penner2005aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and clinical sources (urine, abdominal fluid, wound - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Farmer1985); (Ewing1962); (O'Hara2000); (Penner2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • tyrosine;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; trehalose; inositol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • maltose; sucrose; glycerol; mannitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • acetate; citrate; D-tartrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; phenylalanine deaminase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Farmer1985); (Ewing1962); (O'Hara2000); (Penner2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • ONPG test:
  • not active
  • KCN growth:
  • growth observed
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (O'Hara2000); (Penner2005aBergey); (Citron1997);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • aztreonam; ertapenem; imipenem;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; carbenicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime; cefixime; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefpirom; cefpodoxime; ceftazidime; moxalactam;
  • cefaclor; cefalexin; cefazolin; cefprozil; cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; levofloxacin; ofloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • moxifloxacin; nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin;
  • netilmycin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole;
  • nitrofurantoin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin; polymyxin B;

  • Ewing, WH (1962). The tribe Proteae: its nomenclature and taxonomy. Int Bull Bacteriol Nomencl Taxon 93-102.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Providencia Alt. name:  Proteus stuartii Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and clinical sources (urine, abdominal fluid, wound - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  40.7
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg Tyrosine:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d Sucrose:  d Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  d Inositol:  + Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Acetate:  d(+) Citrate:  + Malonate:  neg D-Tartrate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg ArgDC:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  + Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.5->32)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (4->8)
    aztreonam:  S(0.25/4)
    carbenicil:  Res
    piperacillin:  Var(MIC50): 0.75, MIC90: 24
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 64, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    ticarcillin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.5->128)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.016, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (≤0.008-4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-2)
    cefaclor:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (4->32)
    cefalexin:  R(-/>128)
    cefamandole:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.12-32)
    cefazolin:  Res
    cefdinir:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (≤0.03->16)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-4)
    cefixime:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: -, RNG: (15-0.25)
    cefoperazone:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (1-64)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 1, RNG: (<0.03-8)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5–2)
    cefoxitin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 64
    cefpirom:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    cefpodoxime:  S(MIC50): 0.13, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    cefprozil:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: -, RNG: (4->64)
    ceftazidime:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125-8)
    cefuroxime:  Var(MIC50): >4, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.5->32)
    cephalothin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: ()
    moxalactam:  S(0.25/0.5)
    amikacin:  S(≤2/≤2)
    gentamicin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.5–64)
    netilmycin:  Res
    tobramycin:  Res
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–0.5)
    clinafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (<0.008-4)
    gatifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.12->16)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.015–1)
    moxifloxacin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25->16)
    nalidixic-acid:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (2->32)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.015–2)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–0.25)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    minocycline:  Var(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (8->8)
    tetracycline:  R(>8/>8)
    tigecycline:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (1-8)
    nitrofurantoin:  Res
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): >0.5, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.5->2)
    colistin:  Res
    polymyxin_B:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PROVIDENCIA STUARTII
  • Farmer1985 - Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens.
  • Ewing1962 - The tribe Proteeae: its nomenclature and taxonomy.
  • O'Hara2000 - Classification, Identification, and Clinical Significance of Proteus, Providencia and Morganella.
  • Penner2005aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XXX. Providencia
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PROVIDENCIA STUARTII
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021