Pseudomonas fluorescens

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Pseudomonas fluorescens is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 59-61%. Pseudomonas fluorescens is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Elomari1997a; Palleroni2005bBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (sputum, blood - CCUG), soil, water and spoilt food. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients, invertebrate pathogen). Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Elomari1997a); (Palleroni2005bBergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 25-30℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; d_arabitol; L-arabitol; ethanolamine; fructose; gluconate; glucose; mannitol; mannose; ribose; sorbitol; sucrose; trehalose; xylitol; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; β-alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; δ-aminovalerate; aspartate; betaine; glutamate; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; proline; sarcosine; serine; tyrosine; valine; acetate; aconitate; caprate; caproate; caprylate; citrate; fumarate; glutarate; glycerate; DL-glycerate; heptanoate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; 2-ketogluconate; 2-ketoglutarate; lactate; DL-lactate; L-malate; malonate; mucate; nonanoate; propionate; pyruvate; quinate; saccharate; succinate; meso-tartrate; glutamine; inosine; nicotinate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • adonitol; erythritol; ethanol; inositol; propanol; rhamnose; L-citrulline; glycine; histamine; DL-kynurenine; lysine; ornithine; phenylalanine; trigonelline; tryptamine; tryptophan; benzoate; butyrate; citraconate; isobutyrate; isovalerate; itaconate; levulinate; mesaconate; valerate; D-malate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Palleroni2005bBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Nitrate:
  • reduction is variable
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; carbenicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefazolin; cefepime; cefoxitin; cefpodoxime; ceftazidime; cefuroxime; cephalothin;
  • cefaclor; cefalexin; cefixime; cefoperazone; moxalactam;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • oxytetracycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; levofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • nitrofurantoin; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;

  • Lambert-Zechovsky, N., Bingen, E., Aujard, Y., & Mathieu, H. (1985). Impact of cefotaxime on the fecal flora in children. Infection, 13 Suppl 1, S140-4.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Pseudomonadales Family:  Pseudomonadaceae Genus:  Pseudomonas Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (sputum, blood - CCUG), soil, water and spoilt food
    DNA G+C(%):  59-61
    Opt. T:  25-30℃
    		Aesculin:  vr Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  d D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  + Erythritol:  d Ethanol:  d Ethanolamine:  d(+) Gluconate:  + Inositol:  d Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Methanol:  neg Propanol:  d Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  + Starch:  neg Xylitol:  + Ala:  + D-Ala:  d(+) β-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  + Asp:  + Betaine:  + L-Citrulline:  d Glu:  + Gly:  d(neg) Hippurate:  neg Histamine:  d(neg) His:  + Ile:  + DL-Kynurenine:  d Leu:  + Lys:  d Norleucine:  neg Orn:  d Phe:  d Pro:  + Sarcosine:  d(+) Ser:  d(+) Thr:  neg Trigonelline:  d(neg) Tryptamine:  d(neg) Trp:  d Tyr:  + Val:  + Acetate:  + Aconitate:  cis(+) Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Benzoate:  d Butyrate:  d Caprate:  + Caproate:  + Caprylate:  + Citraconate:  d Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  + Glycerate:  + DL-Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  neg Heptanoate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  d(+) Isobutyrate:  d Isovalerate:  d Itaconate:  d 2-Ketogluconate:  + Lactate:  + DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  d(neg) L-Malate:  + Maleate:  neg Malonate:  + L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  d Mucate:  + Nonanoate:  + Phenol:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Pimelate:  neg Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Quinate:  + Saccharate:  + Sebacate:  neg Suberate:  neg Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  vr LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  vr Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (1->32)
    ampicillin:  Res
    carbenicil:  R(>32/>512)
    piper-taz:  Sens
    ertapenem:  Var(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >16, RNG: (≤0.008->16)
    imipenem:  Var(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.12->16)
    cefaclor:  R(32/-)
    cefalexin:  R(32/-)
    cefazolin:  Sens
    cefdinir:  RNG: (>16)
    cefepime:  Sens
    cefixime:  R(>32/>32)
    cefoperazone:  R(32/128)
    cefoxitin:  Sens
    cefpodoxime:  Sens
    ceftazidime:  Sens
    cefuroxime:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Sens
    moxalactam:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.12->128)
    gentamicin:  Sens
    tobramycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.008->16)
    clinafloxacin:  S(0.12/2)
    levofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    oxytetracycline:  R(40)
    tetracycline:  Res
    nitrofurantoin:  Sens
    SXT:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS
  • Elomari1997a - Pseudomonas monteilii sp. nov., Isolated from Clinical Specimens.
  • Palleroni2005bBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Pseudomonadaceae, Genus I. Pseudomonas
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021