Pseudomonas putida Biovar A

(aka Pseudomonas putida)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Pseudomonas putida Biovar A, (aka Pseudomonas putida), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 60.8%. Pseudomonas putida Biovar A is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Elomari1997a; Palleroni2005bBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, soil, and rhizosphere. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 4% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Rare coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Elomari1997a); (Palleroni2005bBergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 8.5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 4(d); doesn't grow at 41℃; Grows optimally at 25-30℃.
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; gluconate; glucose; glycerol; alanine; D-alanine; β-alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; 2-aminobutyrate; δ-aminovalerate; arginine; aspartate; betaine; glutamate; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; lysine; ornithine; phenylalanine; proline; sarcosine; tyrosine; valine; acetate; aconitate; butyrate; caprate; caproate; caprylate; citrate; fumarate; glutarate; heptanoate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; isovalerate; 2-ketoglutarate; lactate; DL-lactate; L-malate; nonanoate; propionate; pyruvate; quinate; saccharate; succinate; meso-tartrate; valerate; butanol; 1,2-propanediol; glutamine; norvaline; inosine; creatinine; benzylamine; butylamine; nicotinate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • L-arabinose; ethanol; ethanolamine; mannitol; mannose; propanol; ribose; xylose; L-citrulline; glycine; hippurate; histamine; serine; trigonelline; tryptamine; benzoate; glycerate; DL-glycerate; glycolate; 3-hydroxybenzoate; isobutyrate; itaconate; 2-ketogluconate; levulinate; malate; malonate; mesaconate; mucate; phenol; phenylacetate; D-tartrate; L-tartrate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; catalase; Leu arylamidase; oxidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Palleroni2005bBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • yellow, fluorescent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; carbenicillin; ertapenem;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefaclor; cefamandole; cefdinir; cefepime; cefixime; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefoxitin; cefpodoxime; cefuroxime; cephalothin; moxalactam;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;

  • Lambert-Zechovsky, N., Bingen, E., Aujard, Y., & Mathieu, H. (1985). Impact of cefotaxime on the fecal flora in children. Infection, 13 Suppl 1, S140-4.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Pseudomonadales Family:  Pseudomonadaceae Genus:  Pseudomonas Alt. name:  Pseudomonas putida Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  yellow, fluorescent
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, soil, and rhizosphere
    DNA G+C(%):  60.8
    Opt. T:  25-30℃
    Low T(℃):  4(d)
    High T(℃):  41(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  8.5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  d Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  d Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  d Xylose:  d Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Ethanol:  d Ethanolamine:  d Gluconate:  + Glucosamine:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  d Methanol:  neg Propanol:  d Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + β-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  + Arg:  + Asp:  + Betaine:  + L-Citrulline:  d Glu:  + Gly:  d Hippurate:  d Histamine:  d His:  + Ile:  + DL-Kynurenine:  neg Leu:  + Lys:  + Norleucine:  neg Orn:  + Phe:  + Pro:  + Sarcosine:  + Ser:  d Thr:  neg Trigonelline:  d Tryptamine:  d Trp:  neg Tyr:  + Val:  + Acetate:  + Aconitate:  + Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Benzoate:  d Butyrate:  + Caprate:  + Caproate:  + Caprylate:  + Citraconate:  neg Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  + Glycerate:  d DL-Glycerate:  d Glycolate:  d Heptanoate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  d 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Isobutyrate:  d Isovalerate:  + Itaconate:  d 2-Ketogluconate:  d 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Lactate:  + DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  d Malate:  d L-Malate:  + Maleate:  neg Malonate:  d L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  d Mucate:  d Nonanoate:  + Phenol:  d Phenylacetate:  d Pimelate:  neg Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Quinate:  + Saccharate:  + Sebacate:  neg Suberate:  neg Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  d L-Tartrate:  d Valerate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  d Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  yellow, fluorescent
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (1->32)
    carbenicil:  R(>512/>512)
    ertapenem:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >16, RNG: (≤0.008->16)
    imipenem:  Var(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.12->16)
    cefaclor:  R(>64/-)
    cefamandole:  R(>64/>64)
    cefdinir:  R(>16)
    cefepime:  R(125)
    cefixime:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (8->64)
    cefoperazone:  R(32/128)
    cefotaxime:  R(64/>256)
    cefoxitin:  R(>64/>64)
    cefpodoxime:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (8->64)
    cefuroxime:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (8->64)
    cephalothin:  R(>64/>64)
    moxalactam:  R(64/256)
    gentamicin:  R(64/>64)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.008->16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA BIOVAR A
  • Elomari1997a - Pseudomonas monteilii sp. nov., Isolated from Clinical Specimens.
  • Palleroni2005bBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Pseudomonadaceae, Genus I. Pseudomonas
  • Chun2001 - Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus Dubinina and Zhdanov 1975AL is a later subjective synonym of Pseudomonas putida (Trevisan 1889) Migula 1895AL.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA BIOVAR A
  • Frank2007 - Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Wang2005 - Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021