Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus

(aka Eubacterium alactolyticum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, (aka Eubacterium alactolyticum), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 61%. Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Willems1996; Willems2011cBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from dental disease and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Willems1996); (Willems2011cBergey);
    Character Response
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 6.0-8.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 25(d); strain-variable at 45(d); Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • mannitol; sorbitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • pyruvate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Willems1996); (Willems2011cBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; butyrate; caproate; H₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Willems1996); (Willems2011cBergey); (Goldstein2013); (Goldstein2013a); (Goldstein2013b); (Tyrrell2012); (Citron2012a); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2005); (Citron2003);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; daptomycin; linezolid; pristinamycin;

  • Benno, Y., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, K., Narisawa, K., Bruce, W. R., & Mitsuoka, T. (1986). Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians. Microbiology and Immunology, 30(6), 521–532.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Eubacteriaceae Genus:  Pseudoramibacter Alt. name:  Eubacterium alactolyticum Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  dental disease and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  61
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(d)
    High T(℃):  45(d)
    Opt. pH:  6.0-8.0
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  w Glycogen:  neg Starch:  neg Mannitol:  d(w) Sorbitol:  d(w) Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Butyrate:  + H2S:  neg Caproate:  + H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03-0.125)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03-2)
    penicillin_G:  S(2U)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-0.5)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: ≤0.03, RNG: (≤0.03-0.125)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–0.25)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–16)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.25–32)
    erythromycin:  S(3)
    fidaxomicin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.25–256)
    clarithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >64, RNG: (0.03–>64)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    telithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.03->32)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-2)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5–2)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(6)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–0.5)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-4)
    bacitracin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: >128, RNG: (0.25–>128)
    chloramphenicol:  S(12)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.125–4)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.06–>128)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PSEUDORAMIBACTER ALACTOLYTICUS
  • Willems1996 - Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genera Acetobacterium and Eubacterium Sensu Stricto and Reclassification of Eubacterium alactolyticum as Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus gen. nov., comb. nov.
  • Willems2011cBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Eubacteriaceae, Genus VI. Pseudoramibacter
  • Hoen2018 - Sex-specific associations of infants' gut microbiome with arsenic exposure in a US population
  • Goldstein2013 - In vitro activity of Biapenem plus RPX7009, a carbapenem combined with a serine β-lactamase inhibitor, against anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Goldstein2013b - Comparative in vitro activities of GSK2251052, a novel boron-containing leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, against 916 anaerobic organisms.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PSEUDORAMIBACTER ALACTOLYTICUS
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR PSEUDORAMIBACTER ALACTOLYTICUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021