Psychrobacter alimentarius

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Psychrobacter alimentarius is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 44%. Psychrobacter alimentarius is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Yoon2005a)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and traditional Korean fermented seafood. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Yoon2005a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • tyrosine;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 12% salt; Grows optimally with 2-3% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at pH 6.5-7.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 4℃; grows at 35℃; Grows optimally at 30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; cellubiose; lactose; melibiose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • acetate; butyrate; citrate; malate; pyruvate; succinate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • ethanol; benzoate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Yoon2005a);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Yoon2005a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • polymyxin B;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Moraxellales Family:  Moraxellaceae Genus:  Psychrobacter Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and traditional Korean fermented seafood
    DNA G+C(%):  44
    Opt. T:  30℃
    Low T(℃):  4(+)
    Mid T(℃):  35(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  12(+)
    Opt. pH:  6.5-7.5
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Tyrosine:  + Tween:  40(+) 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fructose:  neg Glucose:  neg Ethanol:  d Methanol:  neg Glu:  neg Acetate:  + Benzoate:  d Butyrate:  + Citrate:  + Formate:  neg Lactate:  neg Malate:  + Pyruvate:  + Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Trypsin:  neg TrpAA:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  + ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  w Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 10; disc), MIC90: Var(10; disc
    penicillin:  Var(MIC50): 20U), MIC90: Var(20U
    cephalothin:  S(30; disc)
    gentamicin:  S(10; disc)
    streptomycin:  S(30; disc)
    erythromycin:  S(15; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  R(30; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(100; disc)
    novobiocin:  Var(MIC50): 5; disc), MIC90: Var(5; disc
    polymyxin_B:  S(300U)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR PSYCHROBACTER ALIMENTARIUS
  • Yoon2005a - Psychrobacter alimentarius sp. nov., isolated from squid jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR PSYCHROBACTER ALIMENTARIUS
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • Added: December 15, 2021