Ralstonia pickettii Biovar Va-1&2

(aka Burkholderia pickettii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Ralstonia pickettii Biovar Va-1&2, (aka Burkholderia pickettii), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 5 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 66.2%. Ralstonia pickettii Biovar Va-1&2 is probably a rare gut coloniser. (DeBaere2001; Ralston1973; Yabuuchi2005Bergey; Yabuuchi1992)



  • This organism has been recovered from the small intestine (28-yr-old female - CCUG) and clinical sources (trachea, crebrospinal fluid, blood - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Biovars Va-1 and Va-2 combined.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (DeBaere2001); (Ralston1973); (Yabuuchi2005Bergey); (Yabuuchi1992);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 41℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; xylose; cellubiose; mucate; glycerol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • lactose; maltose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; gluconate; glucose; glycerol; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; β-alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; aspartate; glutamate; glycine; hippurate; histidine; DL-kynurenine; proline; serine; threonine; tryptophan; tyrosine; valine; acetate; aconitate; adipate; azelate; butyrate; caprate; caproate; caprylate; citraconate; citrate; formate; fumarate; glutarate; glycerate; glycolate; heptanoate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; isobutyrate; isovalerate; 2-ketogluconate; 2-ketoglutarate; lactate; levulinate; L-malate; maleate; malonate; L-mandelate; mucate; pimelate; propionate; pyruvate; quinate; saccharate; sebacate; suberate; succinate; L-tartrate; meso-tartrate; valerate; glutamine; D-galacturonate; D-malate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase; oxidase; phosphoamidase; phenylalanine deaminase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (DeBaere2001); (Yabuuchi2005Bergey); (Yabuuchi1992);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • beige
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Yabuuchi2005Bergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • imipenem; piperacillin;
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; aztreonam; meropenem; penicillin; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefaclor; cefazolin; cefmetazole; cefoperazone; cefotaxime;
  • cefotetan; ceftazidime; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin; erythromycin; roxithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin; norfloxacin; ofloxacin; sparfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • trimethoprim; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • polymyxin B;

  • Zoetendal, E. G., von Wright, A., Vilpponen-Salmela, T., Ben-Amor, K., Akkermans, A. D. L., & de Vos, W. M. (2002). Mucosa-associated bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract are uniformly distributed along the colon and differ from the community recovered from feces. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(7), 3401–3407.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Betaproteobacteria Order:  Burkholderiales Family:  Burkholderiaceae Genus:  Ralstonia Alt. name:  Burkholderia pickettii Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  beige
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  the small intestine (28-yr-old female - CCUG) and clinical sources (trachea, crebrospinal fluid, blood - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  66.2
    High T(℃):  41(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  d Maltose:  d Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Ethanol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Ethanol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Propanol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + β-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Arg:  neg Asp:  + Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  + Hippurate:  + Histamine:  neg His:  + Ile:  neg DL-Kynurenine:  + Leu:  neg Lys:  neg Norleucine:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Ser:  + Thr:  + Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  + Tyr:  + Val:  + Acetate:  + Aconitate:  + Adipate:  + Azelate:  + Benzoate:  neg Butyrate:  + Caprate:  + Caproate:  d(+) Caprylate:  + Citraconate:  + Citrate:  + Formate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  + Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  + Heptanoate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Isobutyrate:  + Isovalerate:  + Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Lactate:  + Levulinate:  + L-Malate:  + Maleate:  + Malonate:  + L-Mandelate:  + Mesaconate:  neg Mucate:  + Nonanoate:  neg Phenol:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Pimelate:  + Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Quinate:  + Saccharate:  + Sebacate:  + Suberate:  + Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  + Valerate:  d(+)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  + Trypsin:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  + ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  vr Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  vr Phosphoamidase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  beige
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  R(25; disc)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (1->64)
    ampicillin:  R(10; disc)
    aztreonam:  R(30; disc)
    penicillin:  R(25; disc)
    piperacillin:  S(100; disc)
    tica-clav:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (2->64)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.06-2)
    meropenem:  R(10; disc)
    cefaclor:  S(30; disc)
    cefazolin:  S(30; disc)
    cefepime:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1-4)
    cefmetazole:  S(30; disc)
    cefoperazone:  S(75; disc)
    cefotaxime:  S(30; disc)
    cefotetan:  R(MIC50): >64, MIC90: >64, RNG: (8->64)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 16, RNG: (2-16)
    moxalactam:  R(30; disc)
    amikacin:  R(30; disc)
    gentamicin:  R(10; disc)
    erythromycin:  R(15; disc)
    clarithromycin:  R(15; disc)
    roxithromycin:  R(15; disc)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.13, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.06-0.25)
    levofloxacin:  S(5; disc)
    norfloxacin:  S(10; disc)
    ofloxacin:  S(5; disc)
    sparfloxacin:  S(5; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(10; disc)
    minocycline:  S(30; disc)
    tetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    trimethoprim:  S(5; disc)
    SXT:  S(25; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  R(300; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR RALSTONIA PICKETTII BIOVAR VA-1&2
  • DeBaere2001 - Classification of Ralstonia pickettii biovar 3/'thomasii' strains (Pickett 1994) and of new isolates related to nosocomial recurrent meningitis as Ralstonia mannitolytica sp. nov.
  • Ralston1973 - Pseudomonas pickettii, a New Species of Clinical Origin Related to Pseudomonas solanacearum.
  • Yabuuchi2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Burkholderiaceae, Genus I. Ralstonia
  • Yabuuchi1992 - Proposal of Burkholderia gen. nov. and transfer of seven species of the genus Pseudomonas homology group II to the new genus, with the type species Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni and Holmes 1981) comb. nov.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR RALSTONIA PICKETTII BIOVAR VA-1&2
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR RALSTONIA PICKETTII BIOVAR VA-1&2
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: July 12, 2021