Raoultella ornithinolytica

(aka Klebsiella ornithinolytica)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Raoultella ornithinolytica, (aka Klebsiella ornithinolytica), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 7 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 57%. Raoultella ornithinolytica is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Sakazaki1989; Grimont2005aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - can be high load in ulcerative colitis patients), clinical sources (throat, urine) and food. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Drancourt2001); (Sakazaki1989); (Grimont2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; urea;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 4℃; grows at 42℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; fucose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; sorbose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; adonitol; D-arabitol; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; gluconate; 2-ketogluconate; 5-ketogluconate; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fucose; melibiose; rhamnose; sorbose; alanine; D-alanine; γ-aminobutyrate; δ-aminovalerate; glutamate; histidine; proline; serine; acetate; aconitate; caproate; citrate; fumarate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; DL-lactate; malonate; mucate; quinate; meso-tartrate; palatinose; glutamine; putrescine; D-malate; m-coumarate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • caprylate; heptanoate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; β-glucuronidase; lycine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Drancourt2001); (Sakazaki1989); (Grimont2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • KCN growth:
  • growth observed
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ertapenem; imipenem;
  • ampicillin; carbenicillin; penicillin; ticarcillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; nalidixic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; kanamycin; streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; sulfadiazine;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • colistin;

  • N/A

  • R. ornithinolytica (formerly known as Klebsiella ornithinolytica) is a Gram-negative aerobic bacillus which belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. R. ornithinolytica B6 can be grown using glycerol, hexoses (glucose, fructose, galactose), pentose (xylose), or disaccharide (sucrose) as a sole carbon source. When sugars are supplied, the main product of the bacterium is 2,3-butanediol, even at a relatively low temperature (25��C). Hence, R. ornithinolytica B6 has energy-saving advantages for industrial production of 2,3-butanediol. 2,3-Butanediol is a very useful chemical, which is used as a solvent and as a precursor to various chemicals and synthetic polymers (1, 2). A 2,3-butanediol-producing bacterium, strain B6, was isolated from an oil-contaminated soil sample collected from the Backwoon Mountain in South Korea for screening of organic compound-tolerant bacteria. Studies have shown that acetoin production increases rapidly in stationary phase in producing 2,3-butanediol. Also through transcriptome analysis, we found that the expression level of acetoin reductase increased sharply after 2,3-butanediol production. In producing 2,3-butanediol, it is necessary to block the route of succinic acid, lactic acid, and fumaric acid, as well as inactivate acetoin reductase. [PMID: 23814034]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Raoultella ornithinolytica is an encapsulated Gram-negative aerobic bacillus belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Formerly known as Klebsiella ornithinolytica , the bacterium was reclassified as Raoultella based on new genetic approaches. 1 R. ornithinolytica is known to inhabit aquatic environments and can be found in hospital environments. 2 The pathogenic potential of R. ornithinolytica isolates in human disease has become increasingly important. Many cases of biliary tract infection, urinary infection, and bacteraemia caused by R. ornithinolytica have been reported. [PMID: 26921549]

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Raoultella Alt. name:  Klebsiella ornithinolytica Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - can be high load in ulcerative colitis patients), clinical sources (throat, urine) and food
    DNA G+C(%):  57
    Low T(℃):  4(+)
    High T(℃):  42(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  + Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg Pectin:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Adonitol:  + D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  + 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Fucose:  + Rhamnose:  + Sorbose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + D-Turanose:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glucosamine:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  + 5-Aminovalerate:  + Glu:  + Histamine:  neg His:  + Pro:  + Ser:  + Thr:  neg Tyr:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  + Benzoate:  neg Caprate:  neg Caproate:  + Caprylate:  d Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Heptanoate:  d 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Itaconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Malonate:  + Mucate:  + Phenylacetate:  neg Propionate:  neg Quinate:  + Suberate:  neg D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  + ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  + OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  + Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 16, RNG: (1->32)
    ampicillin:  R(vr)
    carbenicil:  Res
    penicillin:  Res
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.12->256)
    ticarcillin:  Res
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.008, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (≤0.008->16)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06->16)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >16, RNG: (≤2->16)
    amikacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.25->32)
    gentamicin:  S(MIC50): ≤2, MIC90: ≤2, RNG: (≤2->16)
    kanamycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.016->4)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    nalidixic-acid:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤2->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-4)
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    sulfadiazine:  Sens
    colistin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR RAOULTELLA ORNITHINOLYTICA
  • Drancourt2001 - Phylogenetic analyses of Klebsiella species delineate Klebsiella and Raoultella gen. nov., with description of Raoultella ornithinolytica comb. nov., Raoultella terrigena comb. nov. and Raoultella planticola comb. nov.
  • Sakazaki1989 - Klebsiella ornithinolytica sp. nov., formerly known as ornithine-positiveKlebsiella oxytoca.
  • Grimont2005aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XVI. Klebsiella
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR RAOULTELLA ORNITHINOLYTICA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR RAOULTELLA ORNITHINOLYTICA
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: February 08, 2021