Raoultella terrigena

(aka Klebsiella terrigena)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Raoultella terrigena, (aka Klebsiella terrigena), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 56.7%. Raoultella terrigena is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Farmer1985; Izard1981; Grimont2005aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - ulceritive colitis), soils, and freshwater. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: human and animal pathogen; opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Farmer1985); (Drancourt2001); (Izard1981); (Grimont2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 5℃; doesn't grow at 41℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; sorbose; xylose; amygdalin; aesculin; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; adonitol; D-arabitol; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol; 5-ketogluconate; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • adonitol; L-arabinose; cellubiose; fructose; fucose; galactose; gluconate; glucosamine; glucose; glycerol; inositol; lactose; maltose; mannitol; mannose; melezitose; melibiose; rhamnose; ribose; salicin; sorbitol; sorbose; starch; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; aspartate; glutamate; histamine; histidine; proline; serine; acetate; benzoate; citrate; fumarate; DL-glycerate; 3-hydroxybenzoate; 4-hydroxybenzoate; 5-ketogluconate; DL-lactate; L-malate; malonate; mucate; phenylacetate; pyruvate; quinate; succinate; meso-tartrate; palatinose; glutamine; putrescine; D-malate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; catalase; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; lycine decarboxylase; xylosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Farmer1985); (Drancourt2001); (Izard1981); (Grimont2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • KCN growth:
  • growth observed
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • ampicillin; ticarcillin;

  • Podschun, R. (1991). Isolation of Klebsiella terrigena from human feces: biochemical reactions, capsule types, and antibiotic sensitivity. Zentralblatt Für Bakteriologie: International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 275(1), 73–78.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Raoultella Alt. name:  Klebsiella terrigena Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - ulceritive colitis), soils, and freshwater
    DNA G+C(%):  56.7
    Low T(℃):  5(+)
    High T(℃):  41(neg)
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Chitin:  neg DNA:  neg Pectin:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  w Starch:  neg Pectin:  neg Adonitol:  + D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  + Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Ethanol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glucosamine:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Methanol:  neg Propanol:  neg Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  + Starch:  + Ala:  + D-Ala:  + 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg 5-Aminovalerate:  neg Asp:  + Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Cys:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  neg Histamine:  + His:  + Ile:  neg Leu:  neg Lys:  neg Met:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Ser:  + Thr:  neg Trigonelline:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  neg Val:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  neg Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Benzoate:  + Butyrate:  neg Caprate:  neg Caproate:  neg Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  + Heptanoate:  neg 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  + 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  + Isobutyrate:  neg Isovalerate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  + DL-Lactate:  + L-Malate:  + Malonate:  + L-Mandelate:  neg Mucate:  + Nonanoate:  neg Phenol:  neg Phenylacetate:  + Pimelate:  neg Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Quinate:  + Sebacate:  neg Suberate:  neg Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg Xylosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg ArgDC:  neg LysDC:  + OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg LeuAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + DNAse:  neg Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase:  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ampicillin:  Res
    ticarcillin:  Res
    amikacin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.25->32), MIC90: Var(≤0.25->32
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR RAOULTELLA TERRIGENA
  • Farmer1985 - Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens.
  • Drancourt2001 - Phylogenetic analyses of Klebsiella species delineate Klebsiella and Raoultella gen. nov., with description of Raoultella ornithinolytica comb. nov., Raoultella terrigena comb. nov. and Raoultella planticola comb. nov.
  • Izard1981 - Klebsiella terrigena, a New Species from Soil and Water.
  • Grimont2005aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XVI. Klebsiella
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR RAOULTELLA TERRIGENA
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR RAOULTELLA TERRIGENA
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021