Rhizorhabdus wittichii

(aka Sphingomonas wittichii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Rhizorhabdus wittichii, (aka Sphingomonas wittichii), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 67%. Rhizorhabdus wittichii is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Yabuuchi2001; Kim2016a)



  • This organism has been recovered from water of the River Elbe, Europe. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Aerobic and optimum growth temperature of 30C suggests this is an unlikely gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Yabuuchi2001); (Kim2016a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 3% salt; Grows optimally with 0% salt.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • D-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; rhamnose; ribose; maltose; glycerol; mannitol; sorbitol; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; L-arabinose; cellubiose; aesculin; fructose; fucose; galactose; gentiobiose; glucose; inositol; lactose; maltose; maltotriose; mannitol; mannose; melibiose; methyl-α-glucoside; raffinose; sucrose; D-tagatose; trehalose; D-turanose; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; 2-aminobutyrate; aspartate; glutamate; phenylalanine; proline; serine; tyrosine; aconitate; citrate; fumarate; DL-glycerate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; DL-lactate; L-malate; malonate; phenylacetate; quinate; succinate; methyl-β-glucoside; maltitol; glutamine; D-glucuronate; gentisate; tricarballylate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; Leu arylamidase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Yabuuchi2001);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Yabuuchi2001);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; piperacillin;
  • aztreonam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefaclor; cefazolin; cefmetazole; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; ceftazidime;
  • moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin; erythromycin; roxithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin; norfloxacin; ofloxacin; sparfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • trimethoprim; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Sphingomonadales Family:  Sphingomonadaceae Genus:  Rhizorhabdus Alt. name:  Sphingomonas wittichii Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  water of the River Elbe, Europe
    DNA G+C(%):  67
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg DNA:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Ethanol:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  + D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Maltotriose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  + Ethanolamine:  neg Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + Asp:  + Betaine:  neg Glu:  + Histamine:  neg His:  neg Phe:  + Pro:  + Ser:  + Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  neg Tyr:  + Aconitate:  + Benzoate:  neg Caprate:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citrate:  + Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + L-Malate:  + Malonate:  + Mucate:  neg Phenylacetate:  + Phenylpropionate:  neg Propionate:  neg Quinate:  + Saccharate:  neg Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  + ValAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    Augmentin:  Sens
    ampicillin:  Sens
    aztreonam:  Res
    penicillin:  Sens
    piperacillin:  Sens
    imipenem:  Sens
    meropenem:  Sens
    cefaclor:  Sens
    cefazolin:  Sens
    cefmetazole:  Sens
    cefoperazone:  Sens
    cefotaxime:  Sens
    ceftazidime:  Sens
    moxalactam:  Res
    amikacin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Res
    clarithromycin:  Res
    roxithromycin:  Res
    ciprofloxacin:  Res
    levofloxacin:  Res
    norfloxacin:  Res
    ofloxacin:  Res
    sparfloxacin:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Sens
    minocycline:  Sens
    tetracycline:  Sens
    trimethoprim:  Res
    SXT:  Res
    polymyxin_B:  Var

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR RHIZORHABDUS WITTICHII
  • Yabuuchi2001 - Proposal of Sphingomonas wittichii sp. nov. for strain RW1T, known as a dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolizer.
  • Kim2016a - Sphingoaurantiacus polygranulatus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from high-Arctic tundra soil, and emended descriptions of the genera Sandarakinorhabdus, Polymorphobacter and Rhizorhabdus and the species Sandarakinorhabdus limnophila, Rhizorhabdus argentea and Sphingomonas wittichii.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR RHIZORHABDUS WITTICHII
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: May 15, 2022