Rothia kristinae

(aka Kocuria kristinae)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Rothia kristinae, (aka Kocuria kristinae), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, tetrad bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 72%. Rothia kristinae is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Kloos1974)



  • This organism has been recovered from human skin, clinical sources (blood, wound, skin - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kloos1974);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 37℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; maltose; sucrose; glycerol; sorbitol;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • galactose; lactose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; glycerol; maltose; mannose; sucrose; leucine; lysine; tyrosine; valine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • galactose; lactose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; catalase; oxidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kloos1974);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced by few strains
  • ✗
  • Nitrite:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • pale orange
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Kloos1974);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • methicillin; penicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin; streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • polymyxin B;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Micrococcaceae Genus:  Rothia Alt. name:  Kocuria kristinae Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Tetrad Pigment:  pale orange
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human skin, clinical sources (blood, wound, skin - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  72
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  d Starch:  neg Tween:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  d Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  d Maltose:  d(+) Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  d(+)
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  d(neg) Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Lactose:  d(neg) Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  neg Leu:  + Lys:  + Tyr:  + Val:  + Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  d(+) Catalase:  + Urease:  vr β-Galactosidase:  vr ArgDH:  + AlkalineP:  neg Lecithinase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Pigment:  pale orange
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    methicillin:  Sens
    penicillin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Sens
    neomycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    clindamycin:  Var
    polymyxin_B:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ROTHIA KRISTINAE
  • Kloos1974 - Isolation and Characterization of Micrococci From Human Skin, Including Two New Species: Micrococcus lylae and Micrococcus kristinae.
  • Nouioui2018 - Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ROTHIA KRISTINAE
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021