Rothia mucilaginosa

(aka Stomatococcus mucilaginosus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Rothia mucilaginosa, (aka Stomatococcus mucilaginosus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 17 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 56-60%. Rothia mucilaginosa is a common gut coloniser. (Collins2000a; Bergan1982)



  • This organism has been recovered from oral flora clinical sources (blood, sputum, urine - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Collins2000a); (Bergan1982);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • methyl-β-glucoside; 2,3-butanediol; DL-glycerol phosphate; methyl pyruvate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; catalase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Bergan1982);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • VP test:
  • activity is variable
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Bergan1982);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; benzylpenicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; oleandomycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • oxytetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • neomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; fusidic-acid;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • lincomycin; novobiocin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Micrococcales Family:  Micrococcaceae Genus:  Rothia Alt. name:  Stomatococcus mucilaginosus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  oral flora clinical sources (blood, sputum, urine - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  56-60
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  d(+) Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d(+) Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d(+) Turanose:  vr Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Citrate:  neg L-Malate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  d(+) Urease:  neg Coagulase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg Trypsin:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  vr AcidP:  neg DNAse:  neg Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.016-64)
    ampicillin:  Sens
    benzyl-pen:  Sens
    penicillin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.004-32)
    neomycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    oleandomycin:  Sens
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.006-2)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.016-0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.064->32)
    oxytetracycline:  Sens
    bacitracin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >256, RNG: (0.016->256)
    lincomycin:  Sens
    novobiocin:  Sens
    fusidic-acid:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR ROTHIA MUCILAGINOSA
  • Collins2000a - Characterization of a Rothia-like organism from a mouse: description of Rothia nasimurium sp. nov. and reclassification of Stomatococcus mucilaginosus as Rothia mucilaginosa comb. nov.
  • Bajer2017 - Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis
  • Breban2017 - Faecal microbiota study reveals specific dysbiosis in spondyloarthritis
  • Jackson2016 - Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota
  • Zheng2020a - Specific gut microbiome signature predicts the early-stage lung cancer
  • Bergan1982 - Notes: Stomatococcus mucilaginosus gen. nov., sp. nov., ep. rev., a Member of the Family Micrococcaceae.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR ROTHIA MUCILAGINOSA
  • Aujoulat2014 - Temporal dynamics of the very premature infant gut dominant microbiota.
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2005 - Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: April 08, 2021