Ruminococcus albus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Ruminococcus albus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 17 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 43–46%. Ruminococcus albus is a common gut coloniser. (Togo2018; Ezaki2011aBergey; Hungate1957; Hungate1963)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and rumenates. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Togo2018); (Ezaki2011aBergey); (Hungate1957); (Hungate1963);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • cellulose;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • mannose; cellulose; xylan; cellubiose; lactose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • fructose; glucose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; cellulose; glucose; lactose; mannose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Togo2018); (Ezaki2011aBergey); (Hungate1957); (Hungate1963);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; ethanol;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;

  • All ruminococci require fermentable carbohydrates for growth, and their substrate preferences appear to be based on the diet of their particular host. Most ruminococci that have been studied are those capable of degrading cellulose, much less is known about non-cellulolytic non-ruminant-associated species, and even less is known about the environmental distribution of ruminococci as a whole. [PMID: 28348838]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Ruminococcus species are defined as strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile cocci that do not produce endospores and require fermentable carbohydrates for growth (Rainey, 2009b). They were initially described from the isolation of Ruminococcus flavefaciens from the bovine rumen (Sijpesteijn, 1948). Ruminococcus is currently considered a polyphyletic genus, with species members belonging to two separate families: the Ruminococcaceae and the Lachnospiraceae (Rainey & Janssen, 1995). Ruminococcus species are predominantly associated with herbivores and omnivores, relative to carnivores, and that significantly abundant Ruminococcus populations are absent in non-host-associated environments. [PMID: 28348838]

  • Moore, WEC & LV Holdeman (1974). Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians. Appl. Microbiol. 27: 961-979.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Oscillospiraceae Genus:  Ruminococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and rumenates
    DNA G+C(%):  43–46
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  vr Starch:  neg Milk:  neg Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  d(neg) Galactose:  neg Glucose:  d Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Cellulose:  + Aesculin:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Xylan:  + Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + Cellulose:  + Mannitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Ethanol:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS ALBUS
  • Togo2018 - Description of Mediterraneibacter massiliensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus isolated from the gut microbiota of an obese patient and reclassification of Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Ruminococcus torques, Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum as Mediterraneibacter faecis comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter lactaris comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter torques comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter gnavus comb. nov. and Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus comb. nov.
  • Ezaki2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Ruminococcaceae, Genus I. Ruminococcus
  • Hungate1957 - Microorganisms in the rumen of cattle fed a constant ration.
  • Hungate1963 - Polysaccharide Storage and Growth Efficiency in Ruminococcus Albus.
  • Salyers1977 - Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon
  • Ciocan2018 - Characterization of intestinal microbiota in alcoholic patients with and without alcoholic hepatitis or chronic alcoholic pancreatitis
  • Finegold2002 - Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism
  • Kang2010 - Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in Crohn's disease patients as revealed by a custom phylogenetic microarray
  • Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer
  • Weir2013 - Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults
  • Mondot2011 - Highlighting new phylogenetic specificities of Crohn's disease microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS ALBUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Holdeman1976 - Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Moore1974 - Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians.
  • Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • deGoffau2013 - Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those without.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS ALBUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021