Overview

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Ruminococcus bromii is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 37 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 39–40%. Ruminococcus bromii is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Moore1972; Togo2018; Ezaki2011aBergey)

This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.

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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Moore1972); (Togo2018); (Ezaki2011aBergey);

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	Character	Response
	Substrates hydrolysed or digested:	starch;
H+	Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:	fructose; galactose; glycogen; starch; maltose;
±	Strain-dependent acid from carbs:	mannose; melibiose;
⥅	Substrates assimilated or utilised:	fructose; galactose; maltose; mannose; starch;

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SPECIAL FEATURES (Moore1972); (Togo2018); (Ezaki2011aBergey);

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	Character	Response
✓	Metabolites produced:	formate (minor); acetate; propionate (minor); butyrate; lactate (minor); ethanol;
✗	Metabolites not produced:	indole;
✗	Nitrate:	not reduced

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RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS

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Class	Active	Resistant
Penicillins:	amoxicillin; ampicillin; azlocillin; bacampicillin; benzylpenicillin; cloxacillin; dicloxacillin; imipenem; meropenem; oxacillin; piperacillin; ticarcillin;	aztreonam;
Cephalosporins:	cefaclor; cefazolin; cefdinir; cefepime; cefixime; cefmetazole; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefotiam; cefoxitin; ceftazidime; cefuroxime; cephalothin; moxalactam;	cefadroxil;
Macrolides:	azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; josamycin; roxithromycin; spiramycin;
Tetracyclines:	chlortetracycline; doxycycline; meclocycline; methacycline; minocycline; oxytetracycline; tetracycline;
Quinolines:	ciprofloxacin; clavulanic-acid; clinafloxacin; gatifloxacin; moxifloxacin; sarafloxacin;	enoxacin; nalidixic-acid; norfloxacin; ofloxacin; pefloxacin; pipemidic-acid; sparfloxacin;
Aminoglycosides:	amikacin; tobramycin;	dihydrostreptomycin; gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; streptomycin;
Polypep/ketides:	bacitracin; rifabutin; rifampicin; rifapentine;
Heterocycles:	chloramphenicol; fusidic-acid; metronidazole; nitrofurantoin;	isoniazid; sulfadiazine; sulfadimethoxine; sulfamethoxazole; sulfanilamide; trimethoprim;
Vancomycins:	vancomycin;
Miscellaneous antibiotics:	clindamycin; lincomycin; linezolid;	colistin;

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References

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SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS BROMII

Moore1972 - Ruminococcus bromii sp. n. and Emendation of the Description of Ruminococcus Sijpestein.

Togo2018 - Description of Mediterraneibacter massiliensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus isolated from the gut microbiota of an obese patient and reclassification of Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Ruminococcus torques, Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum as Mediterraneibacter faecis comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter lactaris comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter torques comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter gnavus comb. nov. and Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus comb. nov.

Ezaki2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Ruminococcaceae, Genus I. Ruminococcus

Petrov2017 - Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Salyers1977 - Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon

Gao2020 - Functional Microbiomics Reveals Alterations of the Gut Microbiome and Host Co-Metabolism in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis

Borren2020 - Alterations in Fecal Microbiomes and Serum Metabolomes of Fatigued Patients With Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Candela2012 - Unbalance of intestinal microbiota in atopic children

Debyser2016 - Faecal proteomics: A tool to investigate dysbiosis and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis

Dong2020a - The Association of Gut Microbiota With Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty in Girls

Giongo2011 - Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes

Hoffman2014 - Escherichia coli dysbiosis correlates with gastrointestinal dysfunction in children with cystic fibrosis

Huang2019 - Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

Jackson2016 - Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota

Jandhyala2017 - Altered intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic pancreatitis: implications in diabetes and metabolic abnormalities

Kang2010 - Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in Crohn's disease patients as revealed by a custom phylogenetic microarray

KowalskaDuplaga2019 - Differences in the intestinal microbiome of healthy children and patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease

Lv2016 - Alterations and correlations of the gut microbiome, metabolism and immunity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

Malham2019 - The microbiome reflects diagnosis and predicts disease severity in paediatric onset inflammatory bowel disease

Monaco2016 - Altered Virome and Bacterial Microbiome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Nishino2018 - Analysis of endoscopic brush samples identified mucosa-associated dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease

Nylund2013 - Microarray analysis reveals marked intestinal microbiota aberrancy in infants having eczema compared to healthy children in at-risk for atopic disease

PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers

Sokol2017 - Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD

Zheng2020a - Specific gut microbiome signature predicts the early-stage lung cancer

Zhou2018 - Alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Mondot2011 - Highlighting new phylogenetic specificities of Crohn's disease microbiota.

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GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS BROMII

Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.

Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.

Browne2016 - Culturing of 'unculturable' human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation.

Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.

Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine

Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease

Chung2019 - Impact of carbohydrate substrate complexity on the diversity of the human colonic microbiota.

De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.

Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease

Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets

Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.

Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.

Holdeman1976 - Human fecal flora: variation in bacterial composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress.

Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control

Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.

LeChatelier2013 - Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers

Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Mangin2004 - Molecular inventory of faecal microflora in patients with Crohn's disease.

Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia

Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer

PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers

PerisBondia2011 - The active human gut microbiota differs from the total microbiota.

Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes

RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.

Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.

Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.

Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.

Urban2020 - Altered Fecal Microbiome Years after Traumatic Brain Injury

Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.

Wang2018 - A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in asthma in UK adults

Wang2018a - Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model.

Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents

Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.

Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families

Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer

Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.

Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.

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GENERAL REFERENCES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS BROMII

Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.