Ruminococcus callidus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Ruminococcus callidus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 23 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 43%. Ruminococcus callidus is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Holdeman1974; Togo2018; Ezaki2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Holdeman1974); (Togo2018); (Ezaki2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 30℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; starch; xylan; cellubiose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • inulin; melezitose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • cellubiose; glucose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; xylose;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Holdeman1974); (Togo2018); (Ezaki2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; butyrate; lactate (minor); succinate (major); pyruvate (minor); Hâ‚‚;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; ammonia;
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;

  • All ruminococci require fermentable carbohydrates for growth, and their substrate preferences appear to be based on the diet of their particular host. Most ruminococci that have been studied are those capable of degrading cellulose, much less is known about non-cellulolytic non-ruminant-associated species, and even less is known about the environmental distribution of ruminococci as a whole. [PMID: 28348838]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Ruminococcus species are defined as strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile cocci that do not produce endospores and require fermentable carbohydrates for growth (Rainey, 2009b). They were initially described from the isolation of Ruminococcus flavefaciens from the bovine rumen (Sijpesteijn, 1948). Ruminococcus is currently considered a polyphyletic genus, with species members belonging to two separate families: the Ruminococcaceae and the Lachnospiraceae (Rainey & Janssen, 1995). Ruminococcus species are predominantly associated with herbivores and omnivores, relative to carnivores, and that significantly abundant Ruminococcus populations are absent in non-host-associated environments. [PMID: 28348838]

  • Holdeman, L. V., & Moore, W. E. C. (1974). New genus, Coprococcus, twelve new species, and emended descriptions of four previously described species of bacteria from human feces. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 24(2), 260–277.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Oscillospiraceae Genus:  Ruminococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  neg
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  43
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  d(+) Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  curdle
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Xylose:  w Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d(neg) Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  vr Amygdalin:  vr Cellulose:  neg Aesculin:  neg Inulin:  d(neg) Starch:  + Xylan:  + Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  vr
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  w(+) Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Butyrate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Succinate:  Major(+) H2S:  neg Pyruvate:  minor(+) Ammonia:  neg H2:  + Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS CALLIDUS
  • Holdeman1974 - New Genus, Coprococcus, Twelve New Species, and Emended Descriptions of Four Previously Described Species of Bacteria from Human Feces.
  • Togo2018 - Description of Mediterraneibacter massiliensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus isolated from the gut microbiota of an obese patient and reclassification of Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Ruminococcus torques, Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum as Mediterraneibacter faecis comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter lactaris comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter torques comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter gnavus comb. nov. and Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus comb. nov.
  • Ezaki2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Ruminococcaceae, Genus I. Ruminococcus
  • Petrov2017 - Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.
  • Salyers1977 - Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon
  • Borren2020 - Alterations in Fecal Microbiomes and Serum Metabolomes of Fatigued Patients With Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Dong2020a - The Association of Gut Microbiota With Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty in Girls
  • Jackson2016 - Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota
  • Kang2010 - Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in Crohn's disease patients as revealed by a custom phylogenetic microarray
  • Kim2018 - Imbalance of gut microbiome and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with high blood pressure
  • Li2019c - Gut Microbiota Differs Between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in Northeast China
  • Lozupone2013 - Alterations in the gut microbiota associated with HIV-1 infection
  • Monaco2016 - Altered Virome and Bacterial Microbiome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS CALLIDUS
  • Benno1984 - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • Minerbi2019 - Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia
  • Moore1974 - Human fecal flora: the normal flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians.
  • Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • deGoffau2013 - Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those without.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS CALLIDUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021