Ruminococcus gnavus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Ruminococcus gnavus is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 33 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 41%. Ruminococcus gnavus is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Browne2016; Moore1976; Togo2018; Ezaki2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and clinical sources (blood, abscess, tissue - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal. Robust growth can have positive consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Moore1976); (Togo2018); (Ezaki2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; mucin;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 20% bile
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; fucose; glucose; xylose; maltose; raffinose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; arabinose; fucose; galactose; glucose; maltose; raffinose; xylose; mucin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; β-glucuronidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • fucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Moore1976); (Togo2018); (Ezaki2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; propionate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Tyrrell2012);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; azlocillin; bacampicillin; benzylpenicillin; cloxacillin; dicloxacillin; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; oxacillin; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin; piperacillin-tazobactam; ticarcillin;
  • aztreonam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefaclor; cefazolin; cefdinir; cefepime; cefmetazole; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefotiam; cefuroxime; cephalothin; moxalactam;
  • cefadroxil; cefixime; cefotetan; ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; josamycin; roxithromycin; spiramycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • chlortetracycline; doxycycline; meclocycline; methacycline; minocycline; oxytetracycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; enoxacin; gatifloxacin; norfloxacin; sarafloxacin; sparfloxacin;
  • clavulanic-acid; levofloxacin; nalidixic-acid; ofloxacin; pefloxacin; pipemidic-acid;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin;
  • dihydrostreptomycin; gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; streptomycin; tobramycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin; rifabutin; rifampicin; rifapentine;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; fusidic-acid; metronidazole; nitrofurantoin; trimethoprim;
  • isoniazid; sulfadiazine; sulfadimethoxine; sulfamethoxazole; sulfanilamide;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; daptomycin; lincomycin; linezolid;
  • colistin;

  • All ruminococci require fermentable carbohydrates for growth, and their substrate preferences appear to be based on the diet of their particular host. Most ruminococci that have been studied are those capable of degrading cellulose, much less is known about non-cellulolytic non-ruminant-associated species, and even less is known about the environmental distribution of ruminococci as a whole. [PMID: 28348838]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Ruminococcus species are defined as strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile cocci that do not produce endospores and require fermentable carbohydrates for growth (Rainey, 2009b). They were initially described from the isolation of Ruminococcus flavefaciens from the bovine rumen (Sijpesteijn, 1948). Ruminococcus is currently considered a polyphyletic genus, with species members belonging to two separate families: the Ruminococcaceae and the Lachnospiraceae (Rainey & Janssen, 1995). Ruminococcus species are predominantly associated with herbivores and omnivores, relative to carnivores, and that significantly abundant Ruminococcus populations are absent in non-host-associated environments. [PMID: 28348838]

  • Moore, W. E. C., Johnson, J. L., & Holdeman, L. V. (1976). Emendation of Bacteroidaceae and Butyrivibrio and descriptions of Desulfomonas gen. Nov. And ten new species in the genera Desulfomonas, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 26(2), 238–252.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Oscillospiraceae Genus:  Ruminococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:   Positive
    Source:  human faeces and clinical sources (blood, abscess, tissue - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  41
    Bile reaction(%):  20(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  neg Fucose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Fucose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Mannitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  d α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  + α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Propionate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    Augmentin:  S(0.19)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03–>8)
    azlocillin:  Sens
    aztreonam:  Res
    bacampicillin:  Sens
    benzyl-pen:  Sens
    cloxacillin:  Sens
    dicloxacillin:  Sens
    oxacillin:  Sens
    penicillin:  S(1)
    penicillin_G:  Sens
    piperacillin:  Sens
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–16)
    ticarcillin:  Sens
    ertapenem:  S(0.38)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03–2)
    meropenem:  S(0.125)
    cefaclor:  Sens
    cefadroxil:  Res
    cefazolin:  Sens
    cefdinir:  Sens
    cefepime:  Sens
    cefixime:  Res
    cefmetazole:  Sens
    cefoperazone:  Sens
    cefotaxime:  Sens
    cefotetan:  R(32)
    cefotiam:  Sens
    cefoxitin:  RNG: (4)
    ceftazidime:  Res
    cefuroxime:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Sens
    moxalactam:  Sens
    amikacin:  Sens
    dihydrostrept:  Res
    gentamicin:  Res
    kanamycin:  Res
    neomycin:  Res
    sisomicin:  Res
    spectinomycin:  Res
    streptomycin:  Res
    tobramycin:  Res
    azithromycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    clarithromycin:  Sens
    roxithromycin:  Sens
    spiramycin:  Sens
    josamycin:  Sens
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–2)
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    clavulanate:  Res
    clinafloxacin:  Sens
    enoxacin:  Sens
    gatifloxacin:  Sens
    levofloxacin:  R(64)
    moxifloxacin:  Var
    nalidixic-acid:  Res
    norfloxacin:  Sens
    ofloxacin:  Res
    pefloxacin:  Res
    pipemidic_acid:  Res
    sarafloxacin:  Sens
    sparfloxacin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(0.25)
    chlortetracycline:  Sens
    meclocycline:  Sens
    methacycline:  Sens
    minocycline:  Sens
    oxytetracycline:  Sens
    tetracycline:  Sens
    tigecycline:  S(0.094)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–1)
    bacitracin:  Sens
    rifabutin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    rifapentine:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  S(3)
    isoniazid:  Res
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–2)
    nitrofurantoin:  Sens
    sulfadiazine:  Res
    sulfadimethoxine:  Res
    sulfamethoxazole:  Res
    sulfanilamide:  Res
    trimethoprim:  Sens
    clindamycin:  S(0.38)
    lincomycin:  Sens
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–1)
    colistin:  Res
    fusidic-acid:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS GNAVUS
  • Browne2016 - Culturing of 'unculturable' human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation.
  • Moore1976 - Emendation of Bacteroidaceae and Butyrivibrio and Descriptions of Desulfomonas gen. nov. and Ten New Species in the Genera Desulfomonas, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus.
  • Togo2018 - Description of Mediterraneibacter massiliensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus isolated from the gut microbiota of an obese patient and reclassification of Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Ruminococcus torques, Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum as Mediterraneibacter faecis comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter lactaris comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter torques comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter gnavus comb. nov. and Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus comb. nov.
  • Ezaki2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Ruminococcaceae, Genus I. Ruminococcus
  • Salyers1977 - Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon
  • Gallagher2021 - Metabolomic Analysis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
  • Allin2018 - Aberrant intestinal microbiota in individuals with prediabetes
  • Arrieta2018 - Associations between infant fungal and bacterial dysbiosis and childhood atopic wheeze in a nonindustrialized setting
  • Bajer2017 - Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis
  • Borren2020 - Alterations in Fecal Microbiomes and Serum Metabolomes of Fatigued Patients With Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
  • Breban2017 - Faecal microbiota study reveals specific dysbiosis in spondyloarthritis
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chua2018 - Intestinal Dysbiosis Featuring Abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus Associates With Allergic Diseases in Infants
  • Colonetti2019 - Hepatic glycogen storage diseases are associated to microbial dysbiosis
  • Cui2018 - Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses unveil dysbiosis of gut microbiota in chronic heart failure patients
  • DeAngelis2013 - Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
  • Debyser2016 - Faecal proteomics: A tool to investigate dysbiosis and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis
  • Dong2020a - The Association of Gut Microbiota With Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty in Girls
  • ElMouzan2018 - Microbiota profile in new-onset pediatric Crohn's disease: data from a non-Western population
  • Feng2019a - Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of thyroid carcinoma patients
  • Finegold2002 - Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism
  • Giongo2011 - Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes
  • Hedin2015 - Siblings of patients with Crohn's disease exhibit a biologically relevant dysbiosis in mucosal microbial metacommunities
  • Huang2019 - Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
  • Jackson2016 - Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota
  • Jiang2018 - Altered gut microbiota profile in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Joossens2011 - Dysbiosis of the faecal microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease and their unaffected relatives
  • Kim2020a - Altered Gut Microbiome Profile in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
  • Knoll2017 - Gut microbiota differs between children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and healthy siblings in taxonomic and functional composition: a metagenomic analysis
  • Li2019c - Gut Microbiota Differs Between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in Northeast China
  • Lun2018 - Altered gut microbiota and microbial biomarkers associated with chronic kidney disease
  • Miragoli2017 - Impact of cystic fibrosis disease on archaea and bacteria composition of gut microbiota
  • Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer
  • Nishino2018 - Analysis of endoscopic brush samples identified mucosa-associated dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease
  • Olbjorn2019 - Fecal microbiota profiles in treatment-naïve pediatric inflammatory bowel disease - associations with disease phenotype, treatment, and outcome
  • Qin2014 - Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis
  • RajilicStojanovic2011 - Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome
  • Shapiro2019 - Psoriatic patients have a distinct structural and functional fecal microbiota compared with controls
  • Sokol2019 - Intestinal dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary immunodeficiency
  • Sun2019 - Combined Signature of the Fecal Microbiome and Plasma Metabolome in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
  • Takeshita2016 - A Single Species of Clostridium Subcluster XIVa Decreased in Ulcerative Colitis Patients
  • Tang2018 - 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals altered composition of gut microbiota in individuals with kidney stones
  • Toya2020 - Coronary artery disease is associated with an altered gut microbiome composition
  • Ventura2019 - Gut microbiome of treatment-naïve MS patients of different ethnicities early in disease course
  • Wan2020 - Case-Control Study of the Effects of Gut Microbiota Composition on Neurotransmitter Metabolic Pathways in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Wang2019b - Alterations in the human gut microbiome associated with Helicobacter pylori infection
  • Wang2019d - Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Is Associated with Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in Infantile Cholestasis
  • Zhang2019 - Relationship between intestinal microbial dysbiosis and primary liver cancer
  • Zhang2019c - Changes of intestinal bacterial microbiota in coronary heart disease complicated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • Zhang2020 - Analysis of gut mycobiota in first-episode, drug-naïve Chinese patients with schizophrenia: A pilot study
  • Zheng2020a - Specific gut microbiome signature predicts the early-stage lung cancer
  • Laue2020 - Prospective associations of the infant gut microbiome and microbial function with social behaviors related to autism at age 3 years
  • Wu2021 - Fucosidases from the human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Png2010 - Mucolytic bacteria with increased prevalence in IBD mucosa augment in vitro utilization of mucin by other bacteria.
  • Crost2013 - Utilisation of mucin glycans by the human gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus is strain-dependent.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS GNAVUS
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Benno1989 - Comparison of fecal microflora of elderly persons in rural and urban areas of Japan.
  • Browne2016 - Culturing of 'unculturable' human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • LeChatelier2013 - Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Mangin2004 - Molecular inventory of faecal microflora in patients with Crohn's disease.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Salonen2014 - Impact of diet and individual variation on intestinal microbiota composition and fermentation products in obese men.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2018 - A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in asthma in UK adults
  • Wang2018a - Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS GNAVUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: April 08, 2021