Ruminococcus torques

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Ruminococcus torques is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 31 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 43%. Ruminococcus torques is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Holdeman1974; Togo2018; Ezaki2011aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Holdeman1974); (Togo2018); (Ezaki2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin; mucin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Resistant to 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • strain-variable at 30(d); grows at 31℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; lactose; glycerol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glucose; lactose; mannose; mucin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Arg arylamidase; arginine dihydrolase; β-glucuronidase; Gly arylamidase; His arylamidase; α-mannosidase; Pro arylamidase; pyroGlu arylamidase; Ser arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Holdeman1974); (Togo2018); (Ezaki2011aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate (minor); acetate (minor); propionate; lactate (major); ethanol; succinate (trace); H₂; indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin; azlocillin; bacampicillin; benzylpenicillin; cloxacillin; dicloxacillin; imipenem; meropenem; oxacillin; piperacillin; ticarcillin;
  • aztreonam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefazolin; cefdinir; cefepime; cefixime; cefmetazole; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefotiam; cefoxitin; cefuroxime; cephalothin;
  • cefaclor; cefadroxil; ceftazidime; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; josamycin; roxithromycin; spiramycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • chlortetracycline; doxycycline; meclocycline; methacycline; minocycline; oxytetracycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; enoxacin; norfloxacin; sarafloxacin;
  • clavulanic-acid; clinafloxacin; gatifloxacin; moxifloxacin; nalidixic-acid; ofloxacin; pefloxacin; pipemidic-acid; sparfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; dihydrostreptomycin; sisomicin; tobramycin;
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin; spectinomycin; streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin; rifabutin; rifampicin; rifapentine;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; fusidic-acid; metronidazole;
  • isoniazid; nitrofurantoin; sulfadiazine; sulfadimethoxine; sulfamethoxazole; sulfanilamide; trimethoprim;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; lincomycin; linezolid; colistin;

  • N/A

  • All ruminococci require fermentable carbohydrates for growth, and their substrate preferences appear to be based on the diet of their particular host. Most ruminococci that have been studied are those capable of degrading cellulose, much less is known about non-cellulolytic non-ruminant-associated species, and even less is known about the environmental distribution of ruminococci as a whole. [PMID: 28348838]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Ruminococcus species are defined as strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile cocci that do not produce endospores and require fermentable carbohydrates for growth (Rainey, 2009b). They were initially described from the isolation of Ruminococcus flavefaciens from the bovine rumen (Sijpesteijn, 1948). Ruminococcus is currently considered a polyphyletic genus, with species members belonging to two separate families: the Ruminococcaceae and the Lachnospiraceae (Rainey & Janssen, 1995). Ruminococcus species are predominantly associated with herbivores and omnivores, relative to carnivores, and that significantly abundant Ruminococcus populations are absent in non-host-associated environments. [PMID: 28348838] The strain was isolated as a non-butyrate-producer. [PMID: 23349065]

  • Holdeman, L. V., & Moore, W. E. C. (1974). New genus, Coprococcus, twelve new species, and emended descriptions of four previously described species of bacteria from human feces. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 24(2), 260–277.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Oscillospiraceae Genus:  Ruminococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  43
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  30(d)
    Mid T(℃):  31(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(+)
    		Aesculin:  vr Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  curdle
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  vr Mannose:  w Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  w Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  vr
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  w(+) Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  w Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Gluconate:  neg Mannitol:  neg Lactate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  + α-Mannosidase:  + ArgDH:  + AlanineAA:  + ArgAA:  + GlyAA:  + HisAA:  + ProAA:  + PyrogluAA:  + SerAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  minor(+) Acetate:  minor(+) Propionate:  + Lactate:  Major(+) Ethanol:  + Succinate:  trace(+) H2:  + Indole:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    ampicillin:  Sens
    azlocillin:  Sens
    aztreonam:  Res
    bacampicillin:  Sens
    benzyl-pen:  Sens
    cloxacillin:  Sens
    dicloxacillin:  Sens
    oxacillin:  Sens
    piperacillin:  Sens
    ticarcillin:  Sens
    imipenem:  Sens
    meropenem:  Sens
    cefaclor:  Res
    cefadroxil:  Res
    cefazolin:  Sens
    cefdinir:  Sens
    cefepime:  Sens
    cefixime:  Sens
    cefmetazole:  Sens
    cefoperazone:  Sens
    cefotaxime:  Sens
    cefotetan:  Sens
    cefotiam:  Sens
    cefoxitin:  Sens
    ceftazidime:  Res
    cefuroxime:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Sens
    moxalactam:  Res
    amikacin:  Sens
    dihydrostrept:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Res
    kanamycin:  Res
    neomycin:  Res
    sisomicin:  Sens
    spectinomycin:  Res
    streptomycin:  Res
    tobramycin:  Sens
    azithromycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  Sens
    clarithromycin:  Sens
    roxithromycin:  Sens
    spiramycin:  Sens
    josamycin:  Sens
    linezolid:  Sens
    ciprofloxacin:  Sens
    clavulanate:  Res
    clinafloxacin:  Res
    enoxacin:  Sens
    gatifloxacin:  Res
    moxifloxacin:  Res
    nalidixic-acid:  Res
    norfloxacin:  Sens
    ofloxacin:  Res
    pefloxacin:  Res
    pipemidic_acid:  Res
    sarafloxacin:  Sens
    sparfloxacin:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Sens
    chlortetracycline:  Sens
    meclocycline:  Sens
    methacycline:  Sens
    minocycline:  Sens
    oxytetracycline:  Sens
    tetracycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    bacitracin:  Sens
    rifabutin:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Sens
    rifapentine:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    isoniazid:  Res
    metronidazole:  Sens
    nitrofurantoin:  Res
    sulfadiazine:  Res
    sulfadimethoxine:  Res
    sulfamethoxazole:  Res
    sulfanilamide:  Res
    trimethoprim:  Res
    clindamycin:  Sens
    lincomycin:  Sens
    colistin:  Sens
    fusidic-acid:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS TORQUES
  • Holdeman1974 - New Genus, Coprococcus, Twelve New Species, and Emended Descriptions of Four Previously Described Species of Bacteria from Human Feces.
  • Togo2018 - Description of Mediterraneibacter massiliensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus isolated from the gut microbiota of an obese patient and reclassification of Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Ruminococcus torques, Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum as Mediterraneibacter faecis comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter lactaris comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter torques comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter gnavus comb. nov. and Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus comb. nov.
  • Ezaki2011aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Ruminococcaceae, Genus I. Ruminococcus
  • Salyers1977 - Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon
  • Gao2020 - Functional Microbiomics Reveals Alterations of the Gut Microbiome and Host Co-Metabolism in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Coretti2018 - Gut Microbiota Features in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
  • Debyser2016 - Faecal proteomics: A tool to investigate dysbiosis and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis
  • Finegold2002 - Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism
  • Huang2019 - Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
  • Iwasawa2016 - Characterisation of the faecal microbiota in Japanese patients with paediatric-onset primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • Jackson2016 - Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota
  • LeChatelier2013 - Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers
  • Li2019c - Gut Microbiota Differs Between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in Northeast China
  • Lun2018 - Altered gut microbiota and microbial biomarkers associated with chronic kidney disease
  • Margiotta2020 - Gut microbiota composition and frailty in elderly patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer
  • Takahashi2016 - Reduced Abundance of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria Species in the Fecal Microbial Community in Crohn's Disease
  • Wang2013a - Increased abundance of Sutterella spp. and Ruminococcus torques in feces of children with autism spectrum disorder
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • Zhao2018a - Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Patients
  • Zinkernagel2017 - Association of the Intestinal Microbiome with the Development of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
  • Laue2020 - Prospective associations of the infant gut microbiome and microbial function with social behaviors related to autism at age 3 years
  • Png2010 - Mucolytic bacteria with increased prevalence in IBD mucosa augment in vitro utilization of mucin by other bacteria.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS TORQUES
  • Browne2016 - Culturing of 'unculturable' human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jeong2021 - The effect of taxonomic classification by full-length 16S rRNA sequencing with a synthetic long-read technology
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Karlsson2013 - Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • LeChatelier2013 - Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Moore1995 - Intestinal floras of populations that have a high risk of colon cancer
  • Nam2008a - Bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal diversity in the intestines of Korean people.
  • Nielsen2014 - MetaHIT Consortium. Identification and assembly of genomes and genetic elements in complex metagenomic samples without using reference genomes.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • Qin2012 - Metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Urban2020 - Altered Fecal Microbiome Years after Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2018 - A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in asthma in UK adults
  • Wang2018a - Morphine induces changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in a morphine dependence model.
  • Wang2020a - Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR RUMINOCOCCUS TORQUES
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
  • Derrien2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Lentisphaerae. Family Victivallaceae, Genus I. Victivallis
  • Derrien2010aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Verrucomicrobia. Family Akkermansiaceae, Genus I. Akkermansia
  • Derrien2010 - Mucin-bacterial interactions in the human oral cavity and digestive tract.
    • Added: February 08, 2021