Salinisphaera halophila

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Salinisphaera halophila is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, short rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 69.5%. Salinisphaera halophila is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Zhang2012)



  • This organism has been recovered from a brine salt well, China. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Likely a gut non-coloniser because it requires high salt and is strictly aerobic.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Zhang2012);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 0% salt; tolerates 29% salt; Grows optimally with 14-19% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5; tolerates pH 8.0; Grows optimally at pH 7.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 25-30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • D-arabinose; L-arabinose; rhamnose; ribose; D-tagatose; D-lyxose; erythritol; glycerol; 5-ketogluconate;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • arabinose; cellubiose; fructose; galactose; glucose; glycerol; lactose; maltose; rhamnose; sucrose; glutamate; phenylalanine; proline; threonine; valine; glutamine; L-hydroxyproline;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; chymotrypsin; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase; lipase C14; Val arylamidase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Zhang2012);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • Hâ‚‚S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Zhang2012);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; norfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • netilmycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Salinisphaerales Family:  Salinisphaeraceae Genus:  Salinisphaera Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Short Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  a brine salt well, China
    DNA G+C(%):  69.5
    Opt. T:  25-30℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  29(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  8.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Casein:  neg Tween:  20(+) 40(+) 60(+) 80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Gluconate:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  neg Glu:  + Phe:  + Pro:  + Thr:  + Val:  + Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg Malate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + Trypsin:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  + ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    netilmycin:  S(30; disc)
    erythromycin:  S(15; disc)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(5; disc)
    norfloxacin:  S(10; disc)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    rifampicin:  S(5; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  S(30; disc)
    novobiocin:  S(5; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SALINISPHAERA HALOPHILA
  • Zhang2012 - Salinisphaera halophila sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from brine of a salt well.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SALINISPHAERA HALOPHILA
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • Added: January 14, 2022