Schaalia cardiffensis

(aka Actinomyces cardiffensis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Schaalia cardiffensis, (aka Actinomyces cardiffensis), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, pleiomorph rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Schaalia cardiffensis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Hall2002)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. It's gut microbiome symbiotic status is unknown.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Hall2002);
    Character Response
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • ribose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; Arg arylamidase; α-glucosidase; Gly arylamidase; His arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; Leu-Gly arylamidase; Phe arylamidase; Pro arylamidase; Ser arylamidase; Tyr arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Hall2002);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate; succinate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; imipenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; kanamycin; neomycin; tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • fosfomycin; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Actinomycetales Family:  Actinomycetaceae Genus:  Schaalia Alt. name:  Actinomyces cardiffensis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Pleiomorph rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Ribose:  d D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  d Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg G6PDH6PGDH:  neg α-Arab:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + ArgAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyTrpAA:  neg GlyAA:  + HisAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  + ProAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg PheAA:  + PyrogluAA:  neg SerAA:  + TyrAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  + Succinate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    penicillin_G:  Sens
    piper-taz:  Sens
    imipenem:  Sens
    amikacin:  Res
    kanamycin:  Res
    neomycin:  Res
    tobramycin:  Res
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    fosfomycin:  Res
    SXT:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SCHAALIA CARDIFFENSIS
  • Gao2020 - Functional Microbiomics Reveals Alterations of the Gut Microbiome and Host Co-Metabolism in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis
  • Gajdacs2020 - The Pathogenic Role of Actinomyces spp. and Related Organisms in Genitourinary Infections: Discoveries in the New, Modern Diagnostic Era.
  • Hall2002 - Actinomyces cardiffensis sp. nov. from Human Clinical Sources.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SCHAALIA CARDIFFENSIS
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021