Schaalia meyeri

(aka Actinomyces meyeri)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Schaalia meyeri, (aka Actinomyces meyeri), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 67%. Schaalia meyeri is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Hansen2009; Cato1984)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (brain abcess, cyst, subgingival crevice). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Hansen2009); (Cato1984);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; ribose; xylose; starch; maltose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • arabinose; galactose; amygdalin; glycogen; lactose; glycerol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • pyruvate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-glucosidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Hansen2009); (Cato1984);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • formate; acetate; lactate (minor); succinate; pyruvate (minor);
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; ammonia; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • Haemolysis:
  • strain dependent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Tyrrell2012); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2006c); (Goldstein2005); (Citron2003); (Citron2001); (Hansen2009);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; roxithromycin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; pristinamycin; telithromycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Actinomycetales Family:  Actinomycetaceae Genus:  Schaalia Alt. name:  Actinomyces meyeri Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (brain abcess, cyst, subgingival crevice)
    DNA G+C(%):  67
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Hippurate:  neg Milk:  curdle Meat:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  d Fructose:  + Galactose:  d Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  d Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  d Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  d Inulin:  neg Starch:  + Pectin:  neg Adonitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  d Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Gluconate:  neg Thr:  neg Lactate:  neg Pyruvate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  d α-Glucosidase:  + Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Formate:  + Acetate:  + Lactate:  minor(+) Succinate:  + H2S:  neg Pyruvate:  minor(+) Ammonia:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(≤0.06/0.5)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.35, RNG: (0.015–0.5)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-2)
    ertapenem:  S(0.06/0.5)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03-0.125)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015–0.5)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–1)
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03–1)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03–0.12)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    roxithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06–0.06)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-1)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.25–4)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–16)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–1)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125–0.5)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (02.5-1)
    bacitracin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5–8)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.25->32)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.03–0.12)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, (0.5-16)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SCHAALIA MEYERI
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2006c - Comparative in vitro susceptibilities of 396 unusual anaerobic strains to tigecycline and eight other antimicrobial agents.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Citron2001 - Comparative in vitro activities of ABT-773 against 362 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
  • Hansen2009 - Actinomyces species: A danish survey on human infections and microbiological characteristics.
  • Cato1984 - Actinomyces meyeri sp. nov., Specific Epithet rev.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SCHAALIA MEYERI
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
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    • Added: March 18, 2022