Schaalia turicensis

(aka Actinomyces turicensis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Schaalia turicensis, (aka Actinomyces turicensis), is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped - curved bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 57.5%. Schaalia turicensis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Wuest1995; Hansen2009)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (vagina, urine, abscess - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Wuest1995); (Hansen2009);
    Character Response
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; ribose; xylose; maltose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • arabinose; fructose; galactose; cellubiose; lactose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; trehalose; erythritol; inositol; mannitol; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Wuest1995); (Hansen2009);
    Character Response
  • Haemolysis:
  • present but weak
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2018a); (Tyrrell2012); (Goldstein2006); (Goldstein2005); (Hansen2009);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; ertapenem; imipenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin; pristinamycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • linezolid; pristinamycin; telithromycin;

  • Actinomyces turicensis may be an opportunistic pathogen.

  • Walker, A. W., Sanderson, J. D., Churcher, C., Parkes, G. C., Hudspith, B. N., Rayment, N., Brostoff, J., Parkhill, J., Dougan, G., & Petrovska, L. (2011). High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Microbiology, 11, 7.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Actinobacteria Class:  Actinomycetia Order:  Actinomycetales Family:  Actinomycetaceae Genus:  Schaalia Alt. name:  Actinomyces turicensis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod - curved
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (vagina, urine, abscess - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  57.5
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  d Fructose:  d Galactose:  d Glucose:  + Mannose:  d(+) Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  d Lactose:  d Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d Melibiose:  d Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  d Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Erythritol:  d Inositol:  d Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg Trypsin:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.015-0.5)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–2)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03-0.25)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-2)
    ertapenem:  S(0.06/0.5)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03-0.125)
    cefalexin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-2)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    clarithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03–1)
    pristinamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03–0.12)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.03–0.06)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-1)
    ciprofloxacin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.5->8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.06-8)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: >16, RNG: (0.25–>16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125-16)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06–0.5)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (02.5-1)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, (0.5-16)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SCHAALIA TURICENSIS
  • Goldstein2018a - Comparative In Vitro Activities of Relebactam, Imipenem, the Combination of the Two, and Six Comparator Antimicrobial Agents against 432 Strains of Anaerobic Organisms, Including Imipenem-Resistant Strains.
  • Tyrrell2012 - In vitro activity of TD-1792, a multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic, against 377 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 34 strains of Corynebacterium species.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Goldstein2005 - Comparative in vitro activities of XRP 2868, pristinamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, clarithromycin, telithromycin, clindamycin, and ampicillin against anaerobic gram-positive species, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli.
  • Wuest1995 - Assignment of Actinomyces pyogenes-like (CDC coryneform group E) bacteria to the genus Actinomyces as Actinomyces radingae sp. nov. and Actinomyces turicensis sp. nov.
  • Hansen2009 - Actinomyces species: A danish survey on human infections and microbiological characteristics.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SCHAALIA TURICENSIS
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021