Selenomonas ruminantium

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Selenomonas ruminantium is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped - curved bacterium. It has been detected in at least 7 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 54%. Selenomonas ruminantium is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Zhang2009; Shouche2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and cattle rumen. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Bryant1959); (Zhang2009); (Shouche2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 35-40℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; xylose; inulin; cellubiose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; dulcitol; mannitol; sorbitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glucose; aspartate; fumarate; lactate; malate; valerate;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • cysteine; histidine; serine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arabinosidase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; xylosidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Zhang2009); (Shouche2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; propionate; H₂S; CO₂;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • lactate; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
  • ±
  • Nitrite:
  • strain dependent
  • ±
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • strain dependent
  • NOTES

    Requires valerate as a growth factor for growth to occur.

  • Benno, Y., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, K., Narisawa, K., Bruce, W. R., & Mitsuoka, T. (1986). Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians. Microbiology and Immunology, 30(6), 521–532.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Negativicutes Order:  Selenomonadales Family:  Selenomonadaceae Genus:  Selenomonas Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod - curved
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and cattle rumen
    DNA G+C(%):  54
    Opt. T:  35-40℃
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  vr Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Inulin:  + Dulcitol:  + Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Glucose:  + Asp:  + Cys:  d His:  d Ser:  d Fumarate:  + Lactate:  + Malate:  + Valerate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg α-Arab:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  d β-Glucuronidase:  neg Xylosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Propionate:  + Lactate:  neg H2S:  + CO2:  + Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SELENOMONAS RUMINANTIUM
  • Bryant1959 - Bacterial species of the rumen.
  • Zhang2009 - Selenomonas bovis sp. nov., isolated from yak rumen contents.
  • Shouche2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Veillonellaceae, Genus XXI. Selenomonas
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SELENOMONAS RUMINANTIUM
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR SELENOMONAS RUMINANTIUM
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021