Serratia fonticola

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Serratia fonticola is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 48.8-52.5%. Serratia fonticola is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Farmer1985; Gavini1979; Grimont2005cBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources (sputum, blood, wound - CCUG) and drinking water. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Farmer1985); (Gavini1979); (Geiger2010); (Grimont2005cBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 4℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 41℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; rhamnose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; lactose; maltose; mucate; melibiose; raffinose; trehalose; adonitol; D-arabitol; L-arabitol; dulcitol; glycerol; inositol; mannitol; sorbitol; α-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • amygdalin; L-arabinose; arbutin; erythritol; aesculin; fructose; galactose; gluconate; glucose; glycerol; inositol; maltose; mannitol; mannose; melibiose; rhamnose; ribose; raffinose; salicin; sorbitol; trehalose; xylose; alanine; D-alanine; aspartate; glutamate; histidine; lysine; ornithine; proline; citrate; glycerate; DL-lactate; malonate; mucate; pyruvate; succinate; glutamine; L-asparagine; putrescine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • acetamide; nicotinate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; lycine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase; xylosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Farmer1985); (Gavini1979); (Geiger2010); (Grimont2005cBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • KCN growth:
  • growth observed
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Thiosulfate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • aztreonam; imipenem;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime; ceftazidime;
  • cefotaxime; cefpodoxime;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin;

  • Woodmansey, E. J., McMurdo, M. E. T., Macfarlane, G. T., & Macfarlane, S. (2004). Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(10), 6113–6122.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Yersiniaceae Genus:  Serratia Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources (sputum, blood, wound - CCUG) and drinking water
    DNA G+C(%):  48.8-52.5
    Low T(℃):  4(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  41(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg DNA:  neg Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  d(+) Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  d(+) Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  vr Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  + D-Arabitol:  + L-Arabitol:  + Dulcitol:  + Erythritol:  w Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Raffinose:  + Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  + Arbutin:  + Dextrin:  neg Erythritol:  + Aesculin:  + Ethanol:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  + Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  + Methanol:  neg Propanol:  neg Salicin:  + Sorbitol:  + Starch:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Arg:  neg Asp:  + Betaine:  neg L-Citrulline:  neg Glu:  + Gly:  neg Hippurate:  neg Histamine:  neg His:  + Ile:  neg Leu:  neg Lys:  + Met:  neg Orn:  + Pro:  + Sarcosine:  neg Thr:  neg Trigonelline:  neg Tryptamine:  neg Trp:  neg Val:  neg Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Benzoate:  neg Butyrate:  neg Caprate:  neg Caproate:  neg Caprylate:  neg Citraconate:  neg Citrate:  + Glutarate:  neg Glycerate:  + Glycolate:  neg Heptanoate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Isobutyrate:  neg Isovalerate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  + Levulinate:  neg Malonate:  + L-Mandelate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Mucate:  + Phenol:  neg Pimelate:  neg Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Sebacate:  neg Suberate:  neg Succinate:  + D-Tartrate:  neg L-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg Xylosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg LysDC:  + OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg TrpAA:  neg DNAse:  neg Lipase:  vr
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    aztreonam:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 32, RNG: (≤0.5-256)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.12-2)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    cefotaxime:  R(64)
    cefpodoxime:  R(>16)
    ceftazidime:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤1->16)
    amikacin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.25->32)
    gentamicin:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤2->8)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤2->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SERRATIA FONTICOLA
  • Farmer1985 - Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens.
  • Gavini1979 - Serratia fonticola, a New Species from Water.
  • Geiger2010 - Serratia glossinae sp. nov., isolated from the midgut of the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis gambiensis.
  • Grimont2005cBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XXXIV. Serratia
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SERRATIA FONTICOLA
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Woodmansey2004 - Comparison of compositions and metabolic activities of fecal microbiotas in young adults and in antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated elderly subjects.
  • ...............................
    • Added: April 08, 2021