Shewanella algae

(aka Shewanella alga)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Shewanella algae, (aka Shewanella alga), is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 54%. Shewanella algae is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Nozue1992; Simidu1990; Bowman2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (CCUG as S. alga), red algae and clinical sources (tissue, blood, trachea - CCUG). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • S. algae produces tetrodotoxin, so unlikely to be a gut coloniser without causing severe illness. Can reduce Fe(III) with lactate as a donor.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Nozue1992); (Simidu1990); (Bowman2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • DNA; gelatin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 4℃; grows at 25℃; grows at 40℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • ribose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • glucose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; gluconate; glycerol; lactose; maltose; mannose; ribose; sucrose; alanine; D-alanine; arginine; aspartate; glutamate; leucine; phenylalanine; proline; threonine; acetate; butyrate; caprate; caproate; fumarate; DL-glycerate; 3-hydroxybutyrate; lactate; DL-lactate; L-malate; propionate; pyruvate; succinate; valerate; glutamine; D-malate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; catalase; chymotrypsin; DNase; lecithinase; lipase; ornithine decarboxylase; oxidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Nozue1992); (Simidu1990); (Bowman2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • H₂S;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Haemolysis:
  • present
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Alteromonadales Family:  Shewanellaceae Genus:  Shewanella Alt. name:  Shewanella alga Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (CCUG as S. alga), red algae and clinical sources (tissue, blood, trachea - CCUG)
    DNA G+C(%):  54
    Low T(℃):  4(neg)
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(+)
    		Urea:  d Gelatin:  + Starch:  neg Alginate:  neg Chitin:  neg DNA:  + Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  d(w) Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg Dextrin:  neg Erythritol:  neg Ethanol:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycerol:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Ala:  + D-Ala:  + Arg:  + Asp:  + Glu:  + His:  neg Leu:  + Lys:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  + Pro:  + Thr:  + Tyr:  neg Acetate:  + Aconitate:  neg Adipate:  neg Butyrate:  + Caprate:  + Caproate:  + Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  + Glutarate:  neg DL-Glycerate:  + 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Isobutyrate:  neg Lactate:  + DL-Lactate:  + L-Malate:  + Propionate:  + Pyruvate:  + Succinate:  + L-Tartrate:  neg Valerate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  d Ac-β-glcamnd:  + ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + OrnDC:  + DNAse:  + Lecithinase:  + Lipase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  + Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SHEWANELLA ALGAE
  • Nozue1992 - Isolation and Characterization of Shewanella alga from Human Clinical Specimens and Emendation of the Description of S. alga Simidu et al., 1990, 335.
  • Simidu1990 - Taxonomy of Four Marine Bacterial Strains That Produce Tetrodotoxin.
  • Bowman2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Alteromonadaceae, Genus VI. Shewanella
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SHEWANELLA ALGAE
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR SHEWANELLA ALGAE
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: October 27, 2021