Shigella sonnei

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Shigella sonnei is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 9 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 51%. Shigella sonnei is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Farmer1985; Levine1920; Strockbine2005Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - high load in several ulcerative colitis patients) and blood. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Farmer1985); (Levine1920); (Strockbine2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; L-arabinose; glucose; rhamnose; trehalose; mannitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; β-glucuronidase; ornithine decarboxylase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • arginine decarboxylase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Farmer1985); (Strockbine2005Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • ONPG test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • aztreonam; ertapenem; imipenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefaclor; cefazolin; cefepime; cefixime; cefoperazone; cefpirom; cefpodoxime; ceftazidime;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • minocycline; tigecycline;
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; clinafloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; nalidixic-acid; ofloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole;
  • sulfamethoxazole; trimethoprim;

  • Ott, S. J., Musfeldt, M., Wenderoth, D. F., Hampe, J., Brant, O., Fölsch, U. R., Timmis, K. N., & Schreiber, S. (2004). Reduction in diversity of the colonic mucosa associated bacterial microflora in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. Gut, 53(5), 685–693.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Gammaproteobacteria Order:  Enterobacterales Family:  Enterobacteriaceae Genus:  Shigella Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  human faeces (Alkhalil2017 - high load in several ulcerative colitis patients) and blood
    DNA G+C(%):  51
    		Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  w Maltose:  vr Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  w Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  vr Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Acetate:  neg Citrate:  neg Malonate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  + ArgDH:  neg ArgDC:  d LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  + Phe deaminase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (4-32)
    ampicillin:  R(>32/>128)
    aztreonam:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.5->64)
    ertapenem:  S(≤0.008/≤0.008)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.12-0.25)
    cefaclor:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (1-2)
    cefazolin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-4)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.12-1)
    cefixime:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1-4)
    cefoperazone:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.12-0.5)
    cefpirom:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.015-0.25)
    cefpodoxime:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25-0.5)
    cefprozil:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2-8)
    ceftazidime:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    cefuroxime:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1-4)
    amikacin:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.5-16)
    gentamicin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.5-4)
    kanamycin:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (4-64)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: ≤0.03, RNG: (≤0.03-0.06)
    clinafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.008, MIC90: 0.02, RNG: (0.004-0.015)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: ≤0.03, RNG: (≤0.03-0.5)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.015-0.06)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (<0.008-0.12)
    nalidixic-acid:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.12-32)
    ofloxacin:  S(≤0.06)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.015, MIC90: ≤0.015, RNG: (≤0.015)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5->8)
    tetracycline:  R(>128)
    tigecycline:  SensRNG: (0.12-0.25)
    rifampicin:  R(8/16)
    chloramphenicol:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8
    sulfamethoxazole:  R(2500)
    trimethoprim:  R(>128)
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): >0.5, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.5->2)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SHIGELLA SONNEI
  • Farmer1985 - Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens.
  • Ewing1949 - Shigella Nomenclature.
  • Levine1920 - Dysentery and Allied Bacilli.
  • Strockbine2005Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Gammaproteobacteria Part B. Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus XXXV. Shigella
  • Gryp2020 - Isolation and Quantification of Uremic Toxin Precursor-Generating Gut Bacteria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
  • Maji2018 - Gut microbiome contributes to impairment of immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients by alteration of butyrate and propionate producers
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SHIGELLA SONNEI
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR SHIGELLA SONNEI
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
  • Alkhalil2017 - Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis: molecular and microbiological studies
    • Added: April 08, 2021