Skermanella aerolata

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Skermanella aerolata is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 65%. Skermanella aerolata is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Weon2007)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and air sample. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Weon2007);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin; starch; urea; cellulose;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 5% salt;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 4.2; tolerates pH 9;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 5℃; grows at 35℃; Grows optimally at 25-30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • D-arabinose; L-arabinose; galactose; ribose; xylose; L-xylose; D-lyxose; melibiose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • L-arabinose; fucose; gluconate; glucose; mannitol; mannose; ribose; sorbitol; alanine; proline; 3-hydroxybutyrate; 2-ketogluconate; lactate; malate; malonate; propionate; suberate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; β-galactosidase; Leu arylamidase; oxidase; urease; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Weon2007);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced

  • Abstract

    A light-pink-coloured bacterium, designated strain 5416T-32(T), was isolated from an air sample in Korea. Cells of the strain were strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, motile (single polar or subpolar flagellum) and rod-shaped. Optimal growth occurred at 25-30 degrees C and at pH 6.0-7.0. The major quinones were Q-10 and Q-8. The major fatty acids were C(18 : 1) omega 7c (53.8 %) and C(16 : 0) (15.9 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 65.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 5416T-32(T) was most closely related to Skermanella parooensis, with a similarity of 96.2 %, but relatively low sequence similarities (<92 %) were found with respect to other species with validly published names held in GenBank. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain 5416T-32(T) could not be assigned to any recognized species. Therefore strain 5416T-32(T) represents a novel species of the genus Skermanella, for which the name Skermanella aerolata sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5416T-32(T) (=KACC 11604(T)=DSM 18479(T)).

  • McLaughlin, S. D., Walker, A. W., Churcher, C., Clark, S. K., Tekkis, P. P., Johnson, M. W., Parkhill, J., Ciclitira, P. J., Dougan, G., Nicholls, R. J., & Petrovska, L. (2010). The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Annals of Surgery, 252(1), 90–98.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17625190/

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6254487/

     

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Rhodospirillales Family:  Azospirillaceae Genus:  Skermanella Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and air sample
    DNA G+C(%):  65
    Opt. T:  25-30℃
    Low T(℃):  5(+)
    Mid T(℃):  35(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  5(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.2(+)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  + Starch:  + Casein:  neg Chitin:  neg DNA:  neg Tyrosine:  neg Pectin:  neg Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  + L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Aesculin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  + Fucose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Gluconate:  + Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  + Ala:  + His:  neg Pro:  + Ser:  neg Acetate:  neg Adipate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  + 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  + 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Lactate:  + Malate:  + Malonate:  + Phenylacetate:  neg Propionate:  + Suberate:  + Valerate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  + Catalase:  + Urease:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg Trypsin:  neg CystineAA:  neg LeuAA:  + ValAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SKERMANELLA AEROLATA
  • Weon2007 - Skermanella aerolata sp. nov., isolated from air, and emended description of the genus Skermanella.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SKERMANELLA AEROLATA
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021