Sphingomonas adhaesiva

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Sphingomonas adhaesiva is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 67.2%. Sphingomonas adhaesiva is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Yabuuchi1990; Yabuuchi2005aBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and a clean surface. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Obligate aerobe; unlikely to be a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Feng2018a); (Yabuuchi1990); (Yabuuchi2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; DNA; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 1% salt; tolerates 3.0% salt; doesn't tolerate 6-10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 42℃;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; amygdalin; L-arabinose; arbutin; cellubiose; aesculin; fructose; galactose; glucose; glycerol; lactose; maltose; mannose; melezitose; melibiose; rhamnose; starch; trehalose; D-turanose; xylose; L-malate; pyruvate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; catalase; chymotrypsin; cystine arylamidase; DNase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-galactosidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; β-glucuronidase; Leu arylamidase; lipase C14; phosphoamidase; trypsin; Val arylamidase; xylosidase; naphthol-ASBI-P;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Yabuuchi1990); (Yabuuchi2005aBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • yellow
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Yabuuchi1990); (Yabuuchi2005aBergey);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; carbenicillin; imipenem; ticarcillin;
  • penicillin;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefaclor; cefoperazone; cefotaxime; ceftazidime; ceftizoxime; cephalothin;
  • cefazolin; moxalactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; roxithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • nalidixic-acid; norfloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; netilmycin; tobramycin;
  • streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • trimethoprim; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • polymyxin B;
  • NOTES

    Unable to ferment glucose.

  • McLaughlin, S. D., Walker, A. W., Churcher, C., Clark, S. K., Tekkis, P. P., Johnson, M. W., Parkhill, J., Ciclitira, P. J., Dougan, G., Nicholls, R. J., & Petrovska, L. (2010). The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Annals of Surgery, 252(1), 90–98.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Proteobacteria Class:  Alphaproteobacteria Order:  Sphingomonadales Family:  Sphingomonadaceae Genus:  Sphingomonas Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly aerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Rod Pigment:  yellow
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and a clean surface
    DNA G+C(%):  67.2
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  42(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  1(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  3.0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6-10(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  + DNA:  + Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  neg Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Inulin:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  + Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  + Adonitol:  neg Amygdalin:  + D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Aesculin:  + Gluconate:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Mannitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  + Ala:  neg β-Ala:  neg 4-Aminobutyrate:  neg Asp:  neg His:  neg Leu:  neg Orn:  neg Phe:  neg Pro:  w Ser:  neg Trp:  neg Acetate:  neg Aconitate:  neg Adipate:  neg Azelate:  neg Caprate:  neg Citrate:  neg Fumarate:  w Glutarate:  w 3-Hydroxybutyrate:  w 3-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg 4-Hydroxybenzoate:  neg Itaconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg DL-Lactate:  neg L-Malate:  + Malonate:  neg Mesaconate:  neg Phenylacetate:  neg Propionate:  neg Pyruvate:  + Suberate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  + α-Mannosidase:  neg Xylosidase:  + ArgDH:  neg Chymotrypsin:  + GluDC:  neg LysDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg Phe deaminase:  neg Trypsin:  + AlanineAA:  + CystineAA:  + LeuAA:  + ProAA:  neg ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + DNAse:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  + Phosphoamidase:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  yellow
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(25; disc)
    Augmentin:  S(30; disc)
    ampicillin:  S(10; disc)
    carbenicil:  Sens
    penicillin:  R(10; disc)
    piperacillin:  Var(MIC50): 100; disc), MIC90: Var(100; disc
    ticarcillin:  Sens
    imipenem:  S(10; disc)
    cefaclor:  S(30; disc)
    cefazolin:  R(30; disc)
    cefmetazole:  Var(MIC50): 30; disc), MIC90: Var(30; disc
    cefoperazone:  S(75; disc)
    cefotaxime:  Sens
    ceftazidime:  S(30; disc)
    ceftizoxime:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Sens
    moxalactam:  R(30; disc)
    amikacin:  S(30; disc)
    gentamicin:  S(10; disc)
    netilmycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Res
    tobramycin:  Sens
    erythromycin:  R(15; disc)
    roxithromycin:  R(15; disc)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 5; disc), MIC90: Var(5; disc
    nalidixic-acid:  Res
    norfloxacin:  R(10; disc)
    ofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 5; disc), MIC90: Var(5; disc
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(10; disc)
    minocycline:  S(30; disc)
    tetracycline:  S(30; disc)
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    trimethoprim:  R(5; disc)
    SXT:  R(25; disc)
    polymyxin_B:  R(300; disc)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SPHINGOMONAS ADHAESIVA
  • Feng2018a - Emended descriptions of the species Sphingomonas adhaesiva Yabuuchi et al. 1990 and Sphingomonas ginsenosidimutans Choi et al. 2011.
  • Yabuuchi1990 - Proposals of Sphingomonas paucimobilis gen. nov. and comb. nov., Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis sp. nov., Sphingomonas yanoikuyae sp. nov., Sphingomonas adhaesiva sp. nov., Sphingomonas capsulata comb, nov., and Two Genospecies of the Genus Sphingomonas.
  • Yabuuchi2005aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2, The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria Part C. Family Sphingomonadaceae, Genus I. Sphingomonas
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SPHINGOMONAS ADHAESIVA
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • Added: April 08, 2021