Spirochaeta thermophila

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Spirochaeta thermophila is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, helical-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 52%. Spirochaeta thermophila is unlikely to be a gut coloniser. (Aksenova1992)



  • This organism has been recovered from marine hot springs, Russia. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Very high optimum temperature (66-68) suggests this organism is not a gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Aksenova1992);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0.5% salt; tolerates 4.5% salt; Grows optimally with 1.5% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.9; tolerates pH 7.7; Grows optimally at pH 7.5.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 40℃; grows at 73℃; Grows optimally at 66-68℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • pullulan;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • amygdalin; arabinose; cellubiose; cellulose; fructose; galactose; glucose; glycogen; maltose; mannose; starch; sucrose; xylan; xylose;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Aksenova1992);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; lactate; isobutyrate (trace); COâ‚‚; Hâ‚‚;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Sulfate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Aksenova1992);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • penicillin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • neomycin;
  • streptomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin; polymyxin B;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Spirochaetes Class:  Spirochaetia Order:  Spirochaetales Family:  Spirochaetaceae Genus:  Spirochaeta Gram stain:  neg O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Helical
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  marine hot springs, Russia
    DNA G+C(%):  52
    Opt. T:  66-68℃
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    High T(℃):  73(+)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0.5(+)
    NaCl 3-5%:  4.5(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.5
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.9(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  7.7(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + Amygdalin:  + Cellulose:  + Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Starch:  + Xylan:  + Arg:  neg Cys:  neg Glu:  neg Lys:  neg Citrate:  neg Formate:  neg Fumarate:  neg L-Malate:  neg Pyruvate:  neg Succinate:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Lactate:  + Isobutyrate:  trace(+) CO2:  + H2:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    penicillin:  Sens
    neomycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Res
    erythromycin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    rifampicin:  Res
    novobiocin:  Sens
    polymyxin_B:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR SPIROCHAETA THERMOPHILA
  • Aksenova1992 - Spirochaeta thermophila sp. nov., an Obligately Anaerobic, Polysaccharolytic, Extremely Thermophilic Bacterium.
  • Wang2019a - Alterations in Gut Glutamate Metabolism Associated with Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR SPIROCHAETA THERMOPHILA
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • ...............................
    • Added: March 18, 2022