Staphylococcus auricularis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus auricularis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, tetrad bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38-39%. Staphylococcus auricularis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Kloos1983; Schleifer2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human ear and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kloos1983); (Schleifer2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 15℃; grows at 20℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-40℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • glucose; glycerol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; Leu arylamidase; lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kloos1983); (Schleifer2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate (minor);
  • VP test:
  • activity is variable
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed (50)
  • Haemolysis:
  • variable
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ertapenem; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Macrolides:
  • quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tigecycline;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • daptomycin; linezolid; novobiocin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Tetrad Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human ear and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  38-39
    Opt. T:  30-40℃
    Low T(℃):  15(neg)
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  vr D-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Ribose:  vr Cellubiose:  vr Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  vr Mannitol:  vr Xylitol:  neg NAc-α-GA:  vr Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fucose:  neg Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Sorbose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Maltose:  w Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Trehalose:  w Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Coagulase:  neg HS nuclease:  neg Hyaluridonase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  vr α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  vr OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg DNAse:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  minor(+) Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(≤1/2)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 25, RNG: (0.05-200)
    oxacillin:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.06->2)
    piper-taz:  S(≤2/≤2)
    ertapenem:  S(0.5/4)
    gentamicin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 50, RNG: (0.05-200)
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 3.12, MIC90: 12.5, RNG: (0.78-12.5)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.25->8)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-2)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >4, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(≤2/4)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤2->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤2->16)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-4)
    chloramphenicol:  R(MIC50): 12.5, MIC90: 100, RNG: (0.05->200)
    SXT:  S(≤0.5/1)
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.5->2)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): >0.12, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-2)
    novobiocin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS AURICULARIS
  • Kloos1983 - Staphylococcus auricularis sp. nov.: an Inhabitant of the Human External Ear.
  • Schleifer2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Staphylococcaceae, Genus I. Staphylococcus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS AURICULARIS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS AURICULARIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021