Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis

(aka Staphylococcus capitis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis, (aka Staphylococcus capitis), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 31-38.8%. Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Schleifer2011Bergey; Kloos1975)



  • This organism has been recovered from human skin, head, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Schleifer2011Bergey); (Kloos1975);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6-10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 18℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-40℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; mannose; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; glycerol; mannitol; mannose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Schleifer2011Bergey); (Kloos1975);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • VP test:
  • activity is variable
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed
  • ✓
  • Haemolysis:
  • present
  • Nitrate:
  • reduction is variable
  • Pigments:
  • yellow, orange
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2006b); (Goldstein2000); (Citron1997); (Kloos1975);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotetan; cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; ofloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • daptomycin; linezolid; novobiocin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Alt. name:  Staphylococcus capitis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci Pigment:  yellow, orange
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human skin, head, clinical sources (blood - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  31-38.8
    Opt. T:  30-40℃
    Lower T(℃):  18(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6-10(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  vr DNA:  w Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  vr Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + NAc-α-GA:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  w D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Coagulase:  neg HS nuclease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + GluDC:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlanineAA:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  vr DNAse:  w Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Indole:  neg Pigment:  yellow, orange
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 25, RNG: (0.05-200)
    oxacillin:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.06->2)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–8)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.015–2)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125–32)
    ertapenem:  S(0.5/4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (8–32)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5–16)
    gentamicin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 50, RNG: (0.05-200)
    streptomycin:  SensRNG: (1.6-6.2)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.5–>32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.128, RNG: (0.125–.128)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.25->8)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.015–16)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.015–8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03–0.25)
    ofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.015–32)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.03, RNG: (0.015–8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03–16)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.016–2)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤2->16)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-4)
    chloramphenicol:  R(MIC50): 12.5, MIC90: 100, RNG: (0.05->200)
    SXT:  S(≤0.5/1)
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.5->2)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): >0.12, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-2)
    novobiocin:  SensRNG: (0.05-0.1)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS CAPITIS SUBSP. CAPITIS
  • Schleifer2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Staphylococcaceae, Genus I. Staphylococcus
  • Goldstein2006b - In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Citron1997 - Comparative in vitro activities of trovafloxacin (CP-99,219) against 221 aerobic and 217 anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections.
  • Bannerman1991 - Staphylococcus capitis subsp. ureolyticus subsp. nov. from Human Skin.
  • Kloos1975 - Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococci from Human Skin II. Descriptions of Four New Species: Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus simulans
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS CAPITIS SUBSP. CAPITIS
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS CAPITIS SUBSP. CAPITIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021