Staphylococcus caprae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus caprae is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 35-37%. Staphylococcus caprae is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Devriese1983a; Pfleiderer2013; Schleifer2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, goats' milk and clinical specimens (blood, knee aspirate, infection). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Devriese1983a); (Pfleiderer2013); (Schleifer2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows weakly at 25℃; grows at 31℃; grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose; lactose; maltose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • mannose; trehalose;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • galactose; glucose; glycerol; lactose; mannose; trehalose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; arginine dihydrolase; catalase; DNase; esterase lipase C8; pyrrolidine arylamidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Devriese1983a); (Schleifer2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Haemolysis:
  • present but weak
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Devriese1983a); (Goldstein2006b);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotetan; cefprozil; cefuroxime;
  • cefixime;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • neomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • daptomycin; linezolid; novobiocin;

  • Pfleiderer, A., Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Vialettes, B., & Raoult, D. (2013). Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 32(11), 1471–1481.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, goats' milk and clinical specimens (blood, knee aspirate, infection)
    DNA G+C(%):  35-37
    Lower T(℃):  25(w)
    Mid T(℃):  31(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  vr Casein:  neg Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  vr Mannose:  d Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  d Turanose:  neg Glycogen:  neg Mannitol:  neg Xylitol:  vr Me-α-D-Glc:  neg NAc-α-GA:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  neg Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  neg Arbutin:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  neg Salicin:  neg Xylitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  + Coagulase:  neg Fibrinolysin:  neg HS nuclease:  neg Hyaluridonase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + DNAse:  + Esterase(C4):  vr EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    oxacillin:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.06->2)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–8)
    penicillin_G:  SensRNG: (≤0.06-0.5)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125–32)
    ertapenem:  S(0.5/4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    cefaclor:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.25-8)
    cefepime:  Var(MIC50): 7.81), MIC90: Var(7.81
    cefixime:  R(MIC50): 64, MIC90: -, RNG: (8->64)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (8–32)
    cefpodoxime:  Var(MIC50): 8, MIC90: -, RNG: (2-8)
    cefprozil:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.25-2)
    cefuroxime:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.5-4)
    neomycin:  S(≤1)
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): ≤16), MIC90: Var(≤16
    erythromycin:  S(≤0.5)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.25->8)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-2)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >4, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(≤2/4)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): ≤0.5); Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤2->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.016–2)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤2->16)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-4)
    SXT:  S(≤0.5/1)
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.5->2)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): >0.12, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-2)
    novobiocin:  S(0.1)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS CAPRAE
  • Devriese1983a - Staphylococcus gallinarum and Staphylococcus caprae, Two New Species from Animals.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • Schleifer2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Staphylococcaceae, Genus I. Staphylococcus
  • Goldstein2006b - In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS CAPRAE
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS CAPRAE
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021