Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii

(aka Staphylococcus cohnii)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii, (aka Staphylococcus cohnii), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 36-38%. Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Kloos1991; Schleifer2011Bergey; Schleifer1975)



  • This organism has been recovered from human skin and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kloos1991); (Schleifer2011Bergey); (Schleifer1975);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • hippurate;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6-10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; strain-variable at 45(d);
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; xylitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; glycerol; maltose; mannitol; mannose; trehalose; xylitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; esterase C4;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Kloos1991); (Schleifer2011Bergey); (Schleifer1975);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ±
  • VP test:
  • strain dependent
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed
  • Haemolysis:
  • variable
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • Pigments:
  • yellow
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Kloos1991); (Goldstein2012); (Goldstein2006b); (Goldstein2000); (Schleifer1975);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin-sulbactam; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; oxacillin; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefazolin; cefotetan;
  • Macrolides:
  • azithromycin; erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; daptomycin; linezolid;
  • novobiocin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Alt. name:  Staphylococcus cohnii Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci Pigment:  yellow
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human skin and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  36-38
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  45(d)
    NaCl >6%:  6-10(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  vr Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Turanose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  vr Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  vr NAc-α-GA:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  d(+) Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  d(+) Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  neg D-Turanose:  neg Trehalose:  + N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  d(+) Xylitol:  d(+)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  neg Coagulase:  neg HS nuclease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg OrnDC:  neg AlaPheProAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  vr AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Pigment:  yellow
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–1)
    oxacillin:  SensRNG: (0.5-4)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–8)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.015–2)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125–32)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–1)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    cefazolin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–16)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (8–32)
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Sens
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 5), MIC90: Var(5
    azithromycin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1–4)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.128, RNG: (0.125–.128)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1–4)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.125–8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03–0.25)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03–2)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.016–2)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5–1)
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    SXT:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–8)
    lincomycin:  Var(MIC50): ≥1.6), MIC90: Var(≥1.6
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25–1)
    novobiocin:  R(3.1-12.5)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS COHNII SUBSP. COHNII
  • Kloos1991 - Staphylococcus cohnii Subspecies: Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii subsp. nov. and Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. urealyticum subsp. nov.
  • Schleifer2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Staphylococcaceae, Genus I. Staphylococcus
  • Goldstein2012 - Ceftaroline versus isolates from animal bite wounds: comparative in vitro activities against 243 isolates, including 156 Pasteurella species isolates.
  • Goldstein2006b - In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Schleifer1975 - Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococci from Human Skin I. Amended Descriptions of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Descriptions of Three New Species: Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus xylosus.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS COHNII SUBSP. COHNII
  • Aujoulat2014 - Temporal dynamics of the very premature infant gut dominant microbiota.
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS COHNII SUBSP. COHNII
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021