Staphylococcus gallinarum

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus gallinarum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 34.5%. Staphylococcus gallinarum is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Devriese1983a)



  • This organism has been recovered from poultry. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Devriese1983a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; casein; urea;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 42℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; mannose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; maltose; melezitose; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose; glycerol; mannitol; arbutin; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • lactose; xylitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Devriese1983a);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed (64)
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • Pigments:
  • pale yellow
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Devriese1983a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • cloxacillin; penicillin G;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • neomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; sulfamethoxazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  pale yellow
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  poultry
    DNA G+C(%):  34.5
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  42(+)
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  + Casein:  + Tween:  80(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + D-Fucose:  w Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  d Maltose:  + Melezitose:  + Melibiose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  + Xylitol:  d Arbutin:  + Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  + Coagulase:  neg HS nuclease:  neg Hyaluridonase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Pigment:  pale yellow
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    cloxacillin:  SensRNG: (1-2)
    penicillin_G:  SensRNG: (0.1-0.5)
    neomycin:  SensRNG: (0.06-0.25)
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2->128), MIC90: Var(2->128
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5->128)), MIC90: Var(0.5->128
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  R(32-128)
    chloramphenicol:  SensRNG: (4-16)
    sulfamethoxazole:  SensRNG: (4-32)
    lincomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2->128), MIC90: Var(2->128
    novobiocin:  R(4-32)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS GALLINARUM
  • Devriese1983a - Staphylococcus gallinarum and Staphylococcus caprae, Two New Species from Animals.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS GALLINARUM
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • ...............................
    • Added: February 09, 2022