Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis

(aka Staphylococcus hominis)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis, (aka Staphylococcus hominis), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 11 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 30-36%. Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Schleifer2011Bergey; Kloos1975)



  • This organism has been recovered from human skin, clinical sources (infections, blood) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • Found in human breast milk (Jeurink2013).
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Schleifer2011Bergey); (Kloos1975);
    Character Response
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 20℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-40℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; glycerol; maltose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • N-acetylglucosamine; galactose; lactose; mannitol; melezitose; trehalose; D-turanose; arginine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-glucosidase; lipase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Schleifer2011Bergey); (Kloos1975);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • VP test:
  • activity is variable
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Goldstein2006b); (Goldstein2000); (Kloos1975);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefaclor; cefotetan; cefpodoxime; cefprozil; cefuroxime;
  • ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • azithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • besifloxacin; gatifloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole; nitrofurantoin; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • chloramphenicol;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • daptomycin; linezolid; novobiocin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Alt. name:  Staphylococcus hominis Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human skin, clinical sources (infections, blood) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  30-36
    Opt. T:  30-40℃
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  vr Gelatin:  neg Casein:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  vr Mannose:  neg D-Lyxose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  vr Turanose:  vr Glycogen:  neg Mannitol:  vr Xylitol:  vr Me-α-D-Glc:  + NAc-α-GA:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  d Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  d Maltose:  + Melezitose:  d Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  d Trehalose:  d N_Acetyl_glucosamine:  d Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  d Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Arg:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  vr Coagulase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  vr OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  vr AcidP:  + DNAse:  neg Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase:  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 25, RNG: (0.05-200)
    oxacillin:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.06->2)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–8)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.015–2)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125–32)
    ertapenem:  S(0.5/4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.007->128)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    cefaclor:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.5-4)
    cefepime:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25->128)
    cefixime:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: -, RNG: (2-8)
    cefoperazone:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.5->128)
    cefotaxime:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.25->128)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (8–32)
    cefpodoxime:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.5-2)
    cefprozil:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.25-2)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 128, RNG: (2->128)
    cefuroxime:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.25-1)
    gentamicin:  Var(MIC50): 6.25, MIC90: 50, RNG: (0.05-200)
    streptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 3.12, MIC90: 12.5, RNG: (0.78-12.5)
    tobramycin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.015->32)
    azithromycin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.12->8)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.128, RNG: (0.125–.128)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.25->8)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-2)
    besifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.015-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  R(MIC50): 8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.06->8)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03->8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >4, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03->8)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03–16)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (4->32)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤2->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.016–2)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤2->16)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-4)
    rifampicin:  Var
    chloramphenicol:  R(MIC50): 12.5, MIC90: 100, RNG: (0.05->200)
    nitrofurantoin:  Sens
    SXT:  S(≤0.5/1)
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.5->2)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): >0.12, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-2)
    novobiocin:  SensRNG: (0.1-0.2)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS HOMINIS SUBSP. HOMINIS
  • Schleifer2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Staphylococcaceae, Genus I. Staphylococcus
  • Goldstein2006b - In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Kloos1975 - Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococci from Human Skin II. Descriptions of Four New Species: Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus simulans
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Graspeuntner2018 - Gut Dysbiosis With Bacilli Dominance and Accumulation of Fermentation Products Precedes Late-onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants
  • Gryp2020 - Isolation and Quantification of Uremic Toxin Precursor-Generating Gut Bacteria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS HOMINIS SUBSP. HOMINIS
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Aujoulat2014 - Temporal dynamics of the very premature infant gut dominant microbiota.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS HOMINIS SUBSP. HOMINIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021