Staphylococcus hyicus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus hyicus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 32.9%. Staphylococcus hyicus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Devriese1978)



  • This organism has been recovered from pigs (pathogenic). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: animal pathogen). Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Devriese1978);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • arginine; gelatin; hippurate; urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 15% salt;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; lactose; sucrose; trehalose; glycerol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; catalase; HS nuclease; hyaluridonase; urease;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • coagulase; fibrinolysin;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Devriese1978);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed (>800)
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✓
  • Nitrite:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Devriese1978); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein1999a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; cloxacillin; penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • neomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • sulfadimethoxine; trimethoprim;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  pigs (pathogenic)
    DNA G+C(%):  32.9
    NaCl >6%:  15(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  + Arginine:  + Hippurate:  + Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  neg Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Citrate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  + Coagulase:  d Fibrinolysin:  d HS nuclease:  + Haemaggl.:  neg Hyaluridonase:  + ArgDH:  + Phe deaminase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.016–0.5)
    cloxacillin:  SensRNG: (0.1-0.2)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.015–2)
    neomycin:  SensRNG: (0.1-0.4)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.5–>32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.128, RNG: (0.125–.128)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.016–4)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03–2)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.06–4)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03–0.25)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03–4)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.016–0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03–16)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.125–1)
    bacitracin:  SensRNG: (0.01-0.8U)
    sulfadimethoxine:  SensRNG: (25-50)
    trimethoprim:  SensRNG: (0.8-1.6)
    novobiocin:  SensRNG: (0.05-0.1)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS HYICUS
  • Cole2019 - Modernising Medical Microbiology Consortium. Draft Genome Sequences of 64 Type Strains of 50 Species and 25 Subspecies of the Genus Staphylococcus Rosenbach 1884.
  • Devriese1978 - Staphylococcus hyicus (Sompolinsky 1953) comb. nov. and Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. chromogenes subsp. nov.
  • Hynes2000 - Hyaluronidases of Gram-positive bacteria.
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS HYICUS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: January 14, 2022