Staphylococcus intermedius

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus intermedius is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, diplococci bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 31-36%. Staphylococcus intermedius is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Schleifer2011Bergey; Hajek1976)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, and animals. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: zoonotic pathogen). Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Schleifer2011Bergey); (Hajek1976);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • gelatin; urea;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • casein;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 15℃; grows at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30-40℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; mannose; ribose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol; α-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; glycerol; mannose; ribose; trehalose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • lactose; mannitol; D-turanose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; catalase; coagulase; DNase; esterase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; α-glucosidase; HS nuclease; pyrrolidine arylamidase; urease;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Schleifer2011Bergey); (Hajek1976);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✓
  • Methyl red test:
  • active
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed
  • ±
  • Haemolysis:
  • strain dependent
  • ✓
  • Nitrate:
  • reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Hajek1976); (Goldstein2000); (Goldstein1999a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefpodoxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; minocycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; sparfloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • novobiocin;

  • Dubourg, G., Lagier, J. C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Hamad, I., Brouqui, P., & Raoult, D. (2013). The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 32(5), 637–645.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Diplococci Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, and animals
    DNA G+C(%):  31-36
    Opt. T:  30-40℃
    Low T(℃):  15(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  + Casein:  d
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  vr Mannose:  + Ribose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  vr Glycogen:  neg Mannitol:  + Xylitol:  vr Me-α-D-Glc:  + NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  d Maltose:  w Melezitose:  neg Raffinose:  neg D-Turanose:  d Trehalose:  + Glycerol:  + Mannitol:  d Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  + Coagulase:  + Fibrinolysin:  neg HS nuclease:  + Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  d α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  d β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  vr OrnDC:  neg LeuAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + DNAse:  + Esterase:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + H2S:  neg Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.016–0.5)
    penicillin_G:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 8, RNG: (<0.015->16)
    cefpodoxime:  S(MIC50): -, MIC90: 0.5
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >32, RNG: (0.5–>32)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.128, RNG: (0.125–.128)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (<0.06-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.016–4)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03–2)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.06–4)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03–0.25)
    sparfloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (≤0.03–4)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.016–0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.03–16)
    minocycline:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03–1)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.06–>32)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-2)
    novobiocin:  Sens
    polymyxin_B:  RNG: (2.93-7.5)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS INTERMEDIUS
  • Schleifer2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Staphylococcaceae, Genus I. Staphylococcus
  • Hajek1976 - Staphylococcus intermedius, a New Species Isolated from Animals
  • Goldstein2000 - Comparative in vitro activities of GAR-936 against aerobic and anaerobic animal and human bite wound pathogens.
  • Goldstein1999a - Activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS INTERMEDIUS
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Taylor1985 - Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS INTERMEDIUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021