Staphylococcus lugdunensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 32%. Staphylococcus lugdunensis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Freney1988; Schleifer2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from clinical sources (wound, urine, blood, infection - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Freney1988); (Schleifer2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • hippurate;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows weakly at 20℃; grows at 31℃; grows at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; mannose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; glycerol; lactose; maltose; mannose; methyl-α-glucoside; sucrose; trehalose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • D-turanose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • acid phosphatase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; catalase; esterase C4; esterase lipase C8; ornithine decarboxylase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Freney1988); (Schleifer2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed (400)
  • Haemolysis:
  • present but weak
  • Nitrate:
  • reduction is variable
  • Pigments:
  • variable
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Freney1988); (Goldstein2008); (Goldstein2006a); (Goldstein2006b);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin-sulbactam; doripenem; ertapenem; imipenem; meropenem; penicillin; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefepime; cefotaxime; cefotetan; cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • azithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • besifloxacin; gatifloxacin; moxifloxacin; pefloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • amikacin; gentamicin; kanamycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; co-trimoxazole; nitrofurantoin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; daptomycin; linezolid; novobiocin;
  • vibriostatin A 0 129;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  variable
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  clinical sources (wound, urine, blood, infection - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  32
    Lower T(℃):  20(w)
    Mid T(℃):  31(+)
    High T(℃):  45(+)
    NaCl >6%:  10(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  vr Gelatin:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  vr Mannose:  + Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  vr Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  d Trehalose:  + Glycerol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + Xylitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  d Coagulase:  neg Fibrinolysin:  neg HS nuclease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg OrnDC:  + AlaPheProAA:  neg LeuAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  + Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Pigment:  variable
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    oxacillin:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    penicillin:  S(MIC50): 8, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06–8)
    penicillin_G:  S(0.06)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.125–32)
    doripenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.03–0.25)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5–2)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.06–0.25)
    meropenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06–8)
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25–2)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5–1)
    cefotetan:  S(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (8–32)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5–16)
    ceftazidime:  Var(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 16, RNG: (8–32)
    amikacin:  SensRNG: (0.5-2)
    gentamicin:  S(0.12)
    kanamycin:  S(0.5)
    tobramycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.03->32)
    azithromycin:  R(MIC50): >8, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.25->8)
    erythromycin:  S(<0.06)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.25->8)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-2)
    besifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.015-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.06->8)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03-8)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.06->8)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.03->8)
    pefloxacin:  SensRNG: (0.5-1)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(0.12)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.016–2)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤2->16)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-4)
    bacitracin:  Res
    rifampicin:  S(<0.06)
    chloramphenicol:  SensRNG: (2-4)
    fosfomycin:  Var(MIC50): 2-16), MIC90: Var(2-16
    nitrofurantoin:  SensRNG: (5-10)
    SXT:  Var(MIC50): 2-4), MIC90: Var(2-4
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.5->2)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–8)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-2)
    novobiocin:  S(0.12)
    vibriostat_129:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS LUGDUNENSIS
  • Freney1988 - Staphylococcus lugdunensis sp. nov. and Staphylococcus schleiferi sp. nov., Two Species from Human Clinical Specimens.
  • Schleifer2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Staphylococcaceae, Genus I. Staphylococcus
  • Goldstein2008 - In vitro activities of doripenem and six comparator drugs against 423 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from infected diabetic foot wounds.
  • Goldstein2006a - In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections.
  • Goldstein2006b - In vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS LUGDUNENSIS
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS LUGDUNENSIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021