Staphylococcus nepalensis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus nepalensis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 33%. Staphylococcus nepalensis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Spergser2003)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces and goats with pneumonia from the Himalayas. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: animal pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Spergser2003);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; urea;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 0% salt; tolerates 7.5% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 15℃; grows at 20℃; grows at 40℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 30℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • L-arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; xylose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; erythritol; glycerol; mannitol; arbutin; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • D-turanose; D-arabitol; sorbitol; xylitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; catalase; β-galactosidase; β-glucuronidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Spergser2003);
    Character Response
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • H₂S; indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed
  • ✓
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Spergser2003);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; oxacillin; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefalexin; cephalothin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol; fosfomycin; fusidic-acid; nitrofurantoin; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; lincomycin; colistin; polymyxin B;
  • novobiocin; vibriostatin A 0 129;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces and goats with pneumonia from the Himalayas
    DNA G+C(%):  33
    Opt. T:  30℃
    Low T(℃):  15(neg)
    Lower T(℃):  20(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl 0.5-2%:  0(+)
    NaCl >6%:  7.5(+)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  + Tween:  80(+)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  d Amygdalin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  d L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  + Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  d Xylitol:  d Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  + Coagulase:  neg HS nuclease:  neg Hyaluridonase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  + ArgDH:  neg OrnDC:  neg PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  + Lecithinase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		H2S:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  Sens
    Augmentin:  Sens
    ampicillin:  Sens
    oxacillin:  Sens
    penicillin_G:  Sens
    cefalexin:  Sens
    cephalothin:  Sens
    gentamicin:  Sens
    kanamycin:  Sens
    neomycin:  Sens
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  Sens
    vancomycin:  Sens
    bacitracin:  Res
    chloramphenicol:  Sens
    fosfomycin:  Sens
    metronidazole:  Res
    nitrofurantoin:  Sens
    SXT:  Sens
    clindamycin:  Sens
    lincomycin:  Sens
    novobiocin:  Res
    colistin:  Sens
    polymyxin_B:  Sens
    fusidic-acid:  Sens
    vibriostat_129:  Res

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS NEPALENSIS
  • Cole2019 - Modernising Medical Microbiology Consortium. Draft Genome Sequences of 64 Type Strains of 50 Species and 25 Subspecies of the Genus Staphylococcus Rosenbach 1884.
  • Spergser2003 - Staphylococcus nepalensis sp. nov., isolated from goats of the Himalayan region.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS NEPALENSIS
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
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    • Added: December 15, 2021