Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus

(aka Staphylococcus saprophyticus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus, (aka Staphylococcus saprophyticus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 31-36%. Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Fairbrother1940; Schleifer2011Bergey; Schleifer1975)



  • This organism has been recovered from human skin, clinical sources (UTI, urine - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Is a known human pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Fairbrother1940); (Schleifer2011Bergey); (Schleifer1975);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • urea;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • casein; gelatin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 6-10% salt;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 10℃; grows at 40℃; Grows optimally at 28-35℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; mannitol; xylitol; α-methyl glucoside;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • fructose; glucose; glycerol; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; D-turanose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • lactose; mannitol; xylitol;
  • Active enzymes:
  • catalase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • arginine dihydrolase; β-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; urease;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Schleifer2011Bergey); (Schleifer1975);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • VP test:
  • activity is variable
  • Lysozyme:
  • growth observed
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ±
  • Nitrate:
  • strain dependent
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Schleifer1975);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; imipenem; oxacillin; penicillin G;
  • aztreonam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefaclor; cefepime; cefpirom; cefprozil; cefuroxime;
  • cefixime; ceftazidime;
  • Macrolides:
  • quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • minocycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • besifloxacin; ciprofloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; streptomycin; tobramycin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole; nitrofurantoin;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • daptomycin; linezolid;
  • novobiocin;

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Bacillales Family:  Staphylococcaceae Genus:  Staphylococcus Alt. name:  Staphylococcus saprophyticus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human skin, clinical sources (UTI, urine - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  31-36
    Opt. T:  28-35℃
    Low T(℃):  10(+)
    Mid T(℃):  40(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6-10(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  + Gelatin:  d Casein:  d DNA:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Glucose:  vr D-Lyxose:  neg Ribose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  vr Glycogen:  neg Mannitol:  + Xylitol:  + Me-α-D-Glc:  + NAc-α-GA:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  d Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  + D-Turanose:  + Trehalose:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  + Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  d
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  + Urease:  d Coagulase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg β-Galactosidase:  d α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  d β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgDH:  d OrnDC:  neg AlkalineP:  vr DNAse:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-16)
    aztreonam:  R(32/32)
    oxacillin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    penicillin_G:  Sens
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015-0.25)
    cefaclor:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (1-64)
    cefamandole:  Var(MIC50): 5, MIC90: 2
    cefepime:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (1->64)
    cefixime:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: 64, RNG: (4-128)
    cefpirom:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.5-16)
    cefpodoxime:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: -, RNG: (2-8)
    cefprozil:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.5-1)
    ceftazidime:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 16, RNG: (8->64)
    cefuroxime:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25->128)
    cephalothin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 5
    gentamicin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.015-0.12)
    streptomycin:  S(vr)
    tobramycin:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (≤0.008-32)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.12->8)
    erythromycin:  Var
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.25->8)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-2)
    besifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.015-0.25)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.06, RNG: (0.03-0.06)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-0.25)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-1)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.03-0.25)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    minocycline:  Sens
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤2->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-1)
    teicoplanin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤2->16)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-4)
    bacitracin:  R(MIC50): >16, MIC90: >16, RNG: (8->16)
    rifampicin:  Var
    nitrofurantoin:  Sens
    SXT:  Var
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.5->2)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): >0.12, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    daptomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-2)
    novobiocin:  R(5)
    fusidic-acid:  Var(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25-8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS SUBSP. SAPROPHYTICUS
  • Fairbrother1940 - Coagulase production as a criterion for the classification of the staphylococci.
  • Schleifer2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Staphylococcaceae, Genus I. Staphylococcus
  • Cowan1961 - Diagnostic tables for the common medical bacteria
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Schleifer1975 - Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococci from Human Skin I. Amended Descriptions of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Descriptions of Three New Species: Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus xylosus.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS SUBSP. SAPROPHYTICUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS SUBSP. SAPROPHYTICUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021