Streptococcus anginosus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Streptococcus anginosus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 24 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38-40%. Streptococcus anginosus is often a widespread coloniser of gut. (Coykendall1987; Kilian1989; Whiley1991; Whiley2011Bergey; Andrewes1906; Jensen2013)



  • This organism has been recovered from oral flora, clinical sources (plaque, appendix, vagina, urine - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Coykendall1987); (Kilian1989); (Whiley1991); (Whiley2011Bergey); (Andrewes1906); (Jensen2013);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; arginine; mucin;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; amygdalin; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; melibiose; sucrose; trehalose; arbutin; α-methyl glucoside; β-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • mucin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • melibiose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; β-glucosidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; hyaluridonase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Coykendall1987); (Kilian1989); (Whiley1991); (Whiley2011Bergey); (Jensen2013);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha (variable)
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (AlmaguerFlores2006); (Kilian1989); (Goldstein2013a); (Citron2012a);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; ertapenem; imipenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • quinupristin-dalfopristin; telithromycin;
  • fidaxomicin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • besifloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • tobramycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid; telithromycin;

  • Streptococci are members of the normal flora. Virulence factors of group A streptococci include (1) M protein and lipoteichoic acid for attachment; (2) a hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits phagocytosis; (3) other extracellular products, such as pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxin, which causes the rash of scarlet fever; and (4) streptokinase, streptodornase (DNase B), and streptolysins. Some strains are nephritogenic. Immune-mediated sequelae do not reflect dissemination of bacteria. Nongroup A strains have no defined virulence factors. In humans, diseases associated with the streptococci occur chiefly in the respiratory tract, bloodstream, or as skin infections. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    The genus Streptococcus , a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria, has broad significance in medicine and industry. Various streptococci are important ecologically as part of the normal microbial flora of animals and humans; some can also cause diseases that range from subacute to acute or even chronic. Among the significant human diseases attributable to streptococci are scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, glomerulonephritis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Streptococci are essential in industrial and dairy processes and as indicators of pollution. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • Whiley, R. A., Beighton, D., Winstanley, T. G., Fraser, H. Y., & Hardie, J. M. (1992). Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus anginosus (the Streptococcus milleri group): association with different body sites and clinical infections. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30(1), 243–244.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Streptococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  oral flora, clinical sources (plaque, appendix, vagina, urine - CCUG) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  38-40
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Arginine:  + Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d(+) Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  + Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  d(neg) Hippurate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Hyaluridonase:  d(neg) α-Arab:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  d α-Glucosidase:  d β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  vr Xylosidase:  neg ArgDH:  vr GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  vr GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(0.5)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.064, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.016-0.25)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.125)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.125, RNG: (0.125)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.015->4)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25)
    ertapenem:  S(≤0.25/≤0.25)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.25)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 4, MIC90: 8, RNG: (2–8)
    tobramycin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 32, RNG: (0.5-128)
    azithromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.008->8)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    fidaxomicin:  R(MIC50): 32, MIC90: 128, RNG: (16–128)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (<0.06-2)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.12, MIC90: ≤0.12, RNG: (≤0.12-4)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.12-2)
    besifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.015-2)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.12->8)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03-8)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25-2)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.032-0.5)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  Var(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 16, RNG: (0.064->256)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): >2, MIC90: >8, RNG: (<2->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.015, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (<0.015-0.5)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-2)
    metronidazole:  R(MIC50): >512, MIC90: >512, RNG: (128->512)
    SXT:  S(≤0.5/≤0.5)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.12, MIC90: ≤0.12, RNG: (≤0.12->16)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS ANGINOSUS
  • AlmaguerFlores2006 - Proportion of antibiotic resistance in subgingival plaque samples from Mexican subjects.
  • Coykendall1987 - 'Streptococcus milleri' Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus intermedius Are Later Synonyms of Streptococcus anginosus.
  • Kilian1989 - Taxonomic Study of Viridans Streptococci: Description of Streptococcus gordonii sp. nov. and Emended Descriptions of Streptococcus sanguis (White and Niven 1946), Streptococcus oralis (Bridge and Sneath 1982), and Streptococcus mitis (Andrewes and Horder 1906).
  • Whiley1991 - Emended Descriptions and Recognition of Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus anginosus as Distinct Species.
  • Whiley2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus I. Streptococcus
  • Andrewes1906 - A Study of the Streptococci Pathogenic to Man.
  • Jensen2013 - Taxonomy of the Anginosus group of the genus Streptococcus and description of Streptococcus anginosus subsp. whileyi subsp. nov. and Streptococcus constellatus subsp. viborgensis subsp. nov.
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • Jackson2016 - Signatures of early frailty in the gut microbiota
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Li2019c - Gut Microbiota Differs Between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls in Northeast China
  • Qin2014 - Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis
  • Sokol2017 - Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD
  • Yachida2019 - Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal distinct stage-specific phenotypes of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer
  • Goldstein2013a - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against Clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.
  • Citron2012a - Comparative in vitro activities of LFF571 against Clostridium difficile and 630 other intestinal strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS ANGINOSUS
  • Almeida2019 - A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota.
  • Aujoulat2014 - Temporal dynamics of the very premature infant gut dominant microbiota.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Chen2020 - Structural and Functional Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Elderly Women With Migraine
  • Chen2020a - Featured Gut Microbiomes Associated With the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Disease
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Li2019b - Disordered intestinal microbes are associated with the activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Rothschild2018 - Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota.
  • Tyakht2013 - Human gut microbiota community structures in urban and rural populations in Russia.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Wang2005 - Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS ANGINOSUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • Derrien2010Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Lentisphaerae. Family Victivallaceae, Genus I. Victivallis
  • Derrien2010aBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 4, The Verrucomicrobia. Family Akkermansiaceae, Genus I. Akkermansia
  • Derrien2010 - Mucin-bacterial interactions in the human oral cavity and digestive tract.
    • Added: April 08, 2021