Streptococcus cristatus

(aka Streptococcus oligofermentans)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Streptococcus cristatus, (aka Streptococcus oligofermentans), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 12 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 42.6-43.2%. Streptococcus cristatus is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Handley1991; Whiley2011Bergey; Tong2003)



  • This organism has been recovered from oral flora, throat, clinical sources (dental disease, blood) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Handley1991); (Whiley2011Bergey); (Tong2003);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • arginine;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • hippurate;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • tolerates pH 5.3; tolerates pH 6.0-8.0; tolerates pH 9.0; Grows optimally at pH 7.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 25℃; grows at 41℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • galactose; glucose; mannose; lactose; maltose; pullulan; sucrose; N-Ac glucosamine;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; fucosidase; Leu arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Handley1991); (Whiley2011Bergey); (Tong2003);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • NOTES

    Salivary amylase is bound.

  • Streptococci are members of the normal flora. Virulence factors of group A streptococci include (1) M protein and lipoteichoic acid for attachment; (2) a hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits phagocytosis; (3) other extracellular products, such as pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxin, which causes the rash of scarlet fever; and (4) streptokinase, streptodornase (DNase B), and streptolysins. Some strains are nephritogenic. Immune-mediated sequelae do not reflect dissemination of bacteria. Nongroup A strains have no defined virulence factors. In humans, diseases associated with the streptococci occur chiefly in the respiratory tract, bloodstream, or as skin infections. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    The genus Streptococcus , a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria, has broad significance in medicine and industry. Various streptococci are important ecologically as part of the normal microbial flora of animals and humans; some can also cause diseases that range from subacute to acute or even chronic. Among the significant human diseases attributable to streptococci are scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, glomerulonephritis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Streptococci are essential in industrial and dairy processes and as indicators of pollution. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • Bik, E. M., Eckburg, P. B., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., Purdom, E. A., Francois, F., Perez-Perez, G., Blaser, M. J., & Relman, D. A. (2006). Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(3), 732–737.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Streptococcus Alt. name:  Streptococcus oligofermentans Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  oral flora, throat, clinical sources (dental disease, blood) and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  42.6-43.2
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(+)
    High T(℃):  41(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  5.3(+)
    pH 6.0-8.0:  6.0-8.0(+)
    pH >8:  9.0(+)
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  d(+) Hippurate:  d
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Galactose:  d(+) Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  vr Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Lactose:  d(+) Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  vr Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  vr NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Hyaluridonase:  neg α-Arab:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  + α-Fucosidase:  + α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  d α-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  vr GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  vr LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS CRISTATUS
  • Handley1991 - Streptococcus crista sp. nov., a Viridans Streptococcus with Tufted Fibrils, Isolated from the Human Oral Cavity and Throat.
  • Jensen2016 - Re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the Mitis group of the genus Streptococcus based on whole genome phylogenetic analyses, and proposed reclassification of Streptococcus dentisani as Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani comb. nov., Streptococcus tigurinus as Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus comb. nov., and Streptococcus oligofermentans as a later synonym of Streptococcus cristatus.
  • Whiley2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus I. Streptococcus
  • Tong2003 - Streptococcus oligofermentans sp. nov., a novel oral isolate from caries-free humans.
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS CRISTATUS
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • McLaughlin2010 - The bacteriology of pouchitis: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS CRISTATUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021