Streptococcus equi subsp. equi

(aka Streptococcus equi)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, (aka Streptococcus equi), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 40.7%. Streptococcus equi subsp. equi is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Whiley2011Bergey; Farrow1984; Andrewes1906)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, clinical sources, and animal disease. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: human and animal pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Whiley2011Bergey); (Farrow1984); (Andrewes1906);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • arginine;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 10% bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 10℃; grows at 37℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; dextrin; glycogen; starch; maltose; pullulan; sucrose; β-methyl glucoside; salicin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; arginine dihydrolase; β-glucuronidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Whiley2011Bergey); (Farrow1984);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • beta
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Taylor2006); (Dekker2016); (Pompilio2019);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; ampicillin; penicillin G;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • clavulanic-acid;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • rifampicin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • trimethoprim; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Streptococci are members of the normal flora. Virulence factors of group A streptococci include (1) M protein and lipoteichoic acid for attachment; (2) a hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits phagocytosis; (3) other extracellular products, such as pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxin, which causes the rash of scarlet fever; and (4) streptokinase, streptodornase (DNase B), and streptolysins. Some strains are nephritogenic. Immune-mediated sequelae do not reflect dissemination of bacteria. Nongroup A strains have no defined virulence factors. In humans, diseases associated with the streptococci occur chiefly in the respiratory tract, bloodstream, or as skin infections. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    The genus Streptococcus , a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria, has broad significance in medicine and industry. Various streptococci are important ecologically as part of the normal microbial flora of animals and humans; some can also cause diseases that range from subacute to acute or even chronic. Among the significant human diseases attributable to streptococci are scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, glomerulonephritis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Streptococci are essential in industrial and dairy processes and as indicators of pollution. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Streptococcus Alt. name:  Streptococcus equi Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  human faeces, clinical sources, and animal disease
    DNA G+C(%):  40.7
    Opt. T:  37℃
    Low T(℃):  10(neg)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  10(neg)
    		Aesculin:  vr Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  + Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Ribose:  vr D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + D-Arabitol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  + α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  + GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  vr GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  vr PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(0.03/0.06)
    ampicillin:  S(0.03/0.03)
    penicillin_G:  S(≤0.03/≤0.03)
    erythromycin:  Sens
    clavulanate:  S(0.015/0.03)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(0.12/0.12)
    rifampicin:  Sens
    sulfamethoxazole:  Var(MIC50): 2.38, MIC90: 2.38
    trimethoprim:  S(0.12/0.12)
    SXT:  Sens
    clindamycin:  R(8/8)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS EQUI SUBSP. EQUI
  • Taylor2006 - Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (Strangles) Infection.
  • Whiley2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus I. Streptococcus
  • Bajer2017 - Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis
  • Yu2015 - Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer
  • Dekker2016 - An Update on the Streptococcus bovis Group: Classification, Identification, and Disease Associations.
  • Farrow1984 - Taxonomic Studies on Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus equinus: Description of Streptococcus alactolyticus sp. nov. and Streptococcus saccharolyticus sp. nov.
  • Pompilio2019 - An Overview on Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Isolates: Identification to the Species/Subspecies Level and Antibiotic Resistance.
  • Andrewes1906 - A Study of the Streptococci Pathogenic to Man.
  • Watanabe1981 - Studies on streptococci. I. Distribution of fecal streptococci in man.
  • Cassir2015 - Clostridium butyricum Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS EQUI SUBSP. EQUI
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS EQUI SUBSP. EQUI
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021