Streptococcus ferus

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Streptococcus ferus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 1 gut microbiome compilation study or metastudy. The DNA G+C content is 43%. Streptococcus ferus is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Whiley2011Bergey; Coykendall1983; Coykendall1977; Whatmore2002; Baele2003a)



  • This organism has been recovered from pigs and rats. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Whiley2011Bergey); (Coykendall1983); (Coykendall1977); (Whatmore2002); (Baele2003a);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Grows in the presence of bile
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 25℃; Grows optimally at 37-42℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; amygdalin; aesculin; glycogen; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; sucrose; trehalose; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • D-tagatose; inulin; melibiose; raffinose; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Arg arylamidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; Phe arylamidase; Pro arylamidase; Val arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • alkaline phosphatase; α-galactosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Whiley2011Bergey); (Coykendall1983); (Coykendall1977); (Whatmore2002); (Baele2003a);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ±
  • VP test:
  • active for most strains
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Streptococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  pigs and rats
    DNA G+C(%):  43
    Opt. T:  37-42℃
    Lower T(℃):  25(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  +
    		Aesculin:  + Starch:  + Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  d Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  + Gentiobiose:  + Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  + Aesculin:  + Glycogen:  + Inulin:  d Starch:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  d Sorbitol:  d Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  d Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  d β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg ArgAA:  d(+) LeuAA:  + ProAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg PheAA:  + PyrogluAA:  neg ValAA:  + AlkalineP:  d
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS FERUS
  • Whiley2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus I. Streptococcus
  • Coykendall1983 - Streptococcus sobrinus nom. rev. and Streptococcus ferus nom. rev.: Habitat of These and Other Mutans Streptococci
  • Coykendall1977 - Proposal to Elevate the Subspecies of Streptococcus mutans to Species Status, Based on Their Molecular Composition
  • Whatmore2002 - Whatmore AM, Whiley RA. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic position of Streptococcus ferus.
  • Baele2003a - Emended description of Streptococcus ferus isolated from pigs and rats.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS FERUS
  • De2020 - Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and resistome of diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, India, reveals the core and variable microbiota including signatures of microbial dark matter.
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    • Added: January 19, 2022