Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Schlegel2000; Whiley2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces (CCUG; transient), food and clinical sources (blood). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • In 15% of Europeans (unseenbio.com). Minor coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Schlegel2000); (Whiley2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • aesculin;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; glycogen; starch; lactose; maltose; pullulan; raffinose; sucrose;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent acid from carbs:
  • α-methyl glucoside;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; α-galactosidase; Leu arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-glucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Whiley2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Pigments:
  • not produced

  • Streptococci are members of the normal flora. Virulence factors of group A streptococci include (1) M protein and lipoteichoic acid for attachment; (2) a hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits phagocytosis; (3) other extracellular products, such as pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxin, which causes the rash of scarlet fever; and (4) streptokinase, streptodornase (DNase B), and streptolysins. Some strains are nephritogenic. Immune-mediated sequelae do not reflect dissemination of bacteria. Nongroup A strains have no defined virulence factors. In humans, diseases associated with the streptococci occur chiefly in the respiratory tract, bloodstream, or as skin infections. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    The genus Streptococcus , a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria, has broad significance in medicine and industry. Various streptococci are important ecologically as part of the normal microbial flora of animals and humans; some can also cause diseases that range from subacute to acute or even chronic. Among the significant human diseases attributable to streptococci are scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, glomerulonephritis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Streptococci are essential in industrial and dairy processes and as indicators of pollution. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Streptococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus Pigment:  neg
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces (CCUG; transient), food and clinical sources (blood)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    		Aesculin:  d(neg) Urea:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Glycogen:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  + D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d(neg)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  d(neg) β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg AlaPheProAA:  + GlyTrpAA:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  neg Pigment:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS INFANTARIUS SUBSP. INFANTARIUS
  • Jans2012 - Novel Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius variants harboring lactose metabolism genes homologous to Streptococcus thermophilus.
  • Schlegel2000 - Streptococcus infantarius sp. nov., Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius subsp. nov. and Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli subsp. nov., isolated from humans and food.
  • Whiley2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus I. Streptococcus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS INFANTARIUS SUBSP. INFANTARIUS
  • Dubinkina2017 - Links of gut microbiota composition with alcohol dependence syndrome and alcoholic liver disease
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS INFANTARIUS SUBSP. INFANTARIUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
  • CCUG - Culture Collection University of Gothenburg - Entire Collection
    • Added: July 12, 2021