Streptococcus infantis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Streptococcus infantis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 13 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 39.9-40.4%. Streptococcus infantis is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Kawamura1998; Whiley2011Bergey; Rossi2016)



  • This organism has been recovered from oral flora, pharynx, blood and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread (notes: opportunistic in immunocompromised patients). Can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised people. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have unknown consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Kawamura1998); (Whiley2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; mannose; D-tagatose; lactose; maltose; pullulan; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; β-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; Gly-Trp arylamidase; Leu arylamidase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • N-Ac β-glucosaminidase; fucosidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Whiley2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

  • Streptococci are members of the normal flora. Virulence factors of group A streptococci include (1) M protein and lipoteichoic acid for attachment; (2) a hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits phagocytosis; (3) other extracellular products, such as pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxin, which causes the rash of scarlet fever; and (4) streptokinase, streptodornase (DNase B), and streptolysins. Some strains are nephritogenic. Immune-mediated sequelae do not reflect dissemination of bacteria. Nongroup A strains have no defined virulence factors. In humans, diseases associated with the streptococci occur chiefly in the respiratory tract, bloodstream, or as skin infections. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    The genus Streptococcus , a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria, has broad significance in medicine and industry. Various streptococci are important ecologically as part of the normal microbial flora of animals and humans; some can also cause diseases that range from subacute to acute or even chronic. Among the significant human diseases attributable to streptococci are scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, glomerulonephritis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Streptococci are essential in industrial and dairy processes and as indicators of pollution. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Streptococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  oral flora, pharynx, blood and human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  39.9-40.4
    		Aesculin:  neg Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  vr D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  d α-Fucosidase:  d α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  + α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyTrpAA:  + GlyAA:  vr LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  vr Esterase(C4):  neg EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS INFANTIS
  • Kawamura1998 - Streptococcus peroris sp. nov. and Streptococcus infantis sp. nov., new members of the Streptococcus mitis group, isolated from human clinical specimens.
  • Whiley2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus I. Streptococcus
  • Rossi2016 - Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota.
  • Bajer2017 - Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis
  • Huang2019 - Analysis of microbiota in elderly patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction
  • Shimizu2019 - Relative abundance of Megamonas hypermegale and Butyrivibrio species decreased in the intestine and its possible association with the T cell aberration by metabolite alteration in patients with Behcet's disease
  • Zheng2020a - Specific gut microbiome signature predicts the early-stage lung cancer
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS INFANTIS
  • Bik2006 - Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the human stomach.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Jie2017 - The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • PerezBrocal2015 - Metagenomic Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients Identifies Changes in the Virome and Microbiome Related to Disease Status and Therapy, and Detects Potential Interactions and Biomarkers
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Walker2011 - High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • Zou2019 - 1,520 reference genomes from cultivated human gut bacteria enable functional microbiome analyses.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS INFANTIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021