Streptococcus parauberis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Streptococcus parauberis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 4 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 34.8-36.5%. Streptococcus parauberis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (Williams1990; Whiley2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, raw milk, and cows. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: animal pathogen). Is a known human pathogen. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Williams1990); (Whiley2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; arginine;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 4% salt; strain-variable at 6.5(d)%;
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 9.6;
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • Grows optimally at 35-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; D-tagatose; amygdalin; inulin; starch; cellubiose; gentiobiose; lactose; maltose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; dulcitol; mannitol; sorbitol; arbutin; β-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • hippurate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; arginine dihydrolase; α-galactosidase; β-glucosidase; Leu arylamidase; leucine aminopeptidase; pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Williams1990); (Whiley2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✓
  • VP test:
  • active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha (variable)
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced

  • Streptococci are members of the normal flora. Virulence factors of group A streptococci include (1) M protein and lipoteichoic acid for attachment; (2) a hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits phagocytosis; (3) other extracellular products, such as pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxin, which causes the rash of scarlet fever; and (4) streptokinase, streptodornase (DNase B), and streptolysins. Some strains are nephritogenic. Immune-mediated sequelae do not reflect dissemination of bacteria. Nongroup A strains have no defined virulence factors. In humans, diseases associated with the streptococci occur chiefly in the respiratory tract, bloodstream, or as skin infections. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    The genus Streptococcus , a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria, has broad significance in medicine and industry. Various streptococci are important ecologically as part of the normal microbial flora of animals and humans; some can also cause diseases that range from subacute to acute or even chronic. Among the significant human diseases attributable to streptococci are scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, glomerulonephritis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Streptococci are essential in industrial and dairy processes and as indicators of pollution. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • Dubourg, G., Lagier, J. C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Hamad, I., Brouqui, P., & Raoult, D. (2013). The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 32(5), 637–645.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Streptococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  human faeces, raw milk, and cows
    DNA G+C(%):  34.8-36.5
    Opt. T:  35-37℃
    NaCl 3-5%:  4(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(d)
    pH >8:  9.6(neg)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Arginine:  + Hippurate:  vr
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  + Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  d(+) Gentiobiose:  d(+) Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  vr Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Amygdalin:  d(+) Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  d(+) Starch:  d(+) Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  d(+) Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  + Sorbitol:  + Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  neg Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  neg Hippurate:  d(+)
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  neg β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  vr ArgDH:  + LeuAP:  + AlaPheProAA:  + LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  + AlkalineP:  +
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  neg

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS PARAUBERIS
  • Williams1990 - Molecular taxonomic studies on Streptococcus uberis types I and II. Description of Streptococcus parauberis sp. nov.
  • Whiley2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus I. Streptococcus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS PARAUBERIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Dubourg2013 - The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS PARAUBERIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021