Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 7 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Arbique2004)



  • This organism has been recovered from respiratory, clinical sources (sputum, respiratory tract - CCUG) and human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. Could be a possible pathogen in humans, but unknown at this stage. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Arbique2004);
    Character Response
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose; maltose; sucrose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase; esterase C4; Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Keith2006); (Rolo2013);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefotaxime; cefuroxime;
  • Macrolides:
  • clarithromycin; roxithromycin;
  • erythromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • tetracycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • levofloxacin;
  • ciprofloxacin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • chloramphenicol;
  • co-trimoxazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin;

  • Streptococci are members of the normal flora. Virulence factors of group A streptococci include (1) M protein and lipoteichoic acid for attachment; (2) a hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits phagocytosis; (3) other extracellular products, such as pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxin, which causes the rash of scarlet fever; and (4) streptokinase, streptodornase (DNase B), and streptolysins. Some strains are nephritogenic. Immune-mediated sequelae do not reflect dissemination of bacteria. Nongroup A strains have no defined virulence factors. In humans, diseases associated with the streptococci occur chiefly in the respiratory tract, bloodstream, or as skin infections. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    The genus Streptococcus , a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria, has broad significance in medicine and industry. Various streptococci are important ecologically as part of the normal microbial flora of animals and humans; some can also cause diseases that range from subacute to acute or even chronic. Among the significant human diseases attributable to streptococci are scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, glomerulonephritis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Streptococci are essential in industrial and dairy processes and as indicators of pollution. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • Lagier, J.-C., Armougom, F., Million, M., Hugon, P., Pagnier, I., Robert, C., Bittar, F., Fournous, G., Gimenez, G., Maraninchi, M., Trape, J.-F., Koonin, E. V., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2012). Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: The Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 18(12), 1185–1193.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Streptococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  respiratory, clinical sources (sputum, respiratory tract - CCUG) and human faeces
    		Aesculin:  vr Urea:  neg Gelatin:  neg Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Glucose:  + Ribose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg Lactose:  vr Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inulin:  neg Starch:  vr D-Arabitol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Ac-β-glcamnd:  neg α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  neg β-Galactosidase:  neg α-Glucosidase:  vr β-Glucosidase:  neg β-Glucuronidase:  neg α-Mannosidase:  neg β-Mannosidase:  neg ArgDH:  neg GluDC:  neg AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  neg LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg AlkalineP:  + AcidP:  + Esterase(C4):  + EstLip(C8):  neg Lipase(C14):  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  S(clinic)
    Augmentin:  S(clinic)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): ≤0.03, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-2); R(60%)
    cefotaxime:  S(MIC50): ≤0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    cefuroxime:  S(clinic)
    erythromycin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.12, MIC90: ≥32, RNG: (≤0.12-≥128); R(43%)
    clarithromycin:  S(clinic)
    roxithromycin:  S(clinic)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.1, MIC90: ≤0.1, RNG: (≤0.12-32); R(10%)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.1, MIC90: ≤0.1, RNG: (≤0.12-16)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    tetracycline:  S(MIC50): ≤0.12, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.12-64); R(30%)
    vancomycin:  Sens
    chloramphenicol:  S(MIC50): ≤2, MIC90: ≤2, RNG: (≤2-4)
    co-trimoxazole:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.12, MIC90: ≥38, RNG: (≤0.12-≥38); R(39%)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): ≤0.12, MIC90: ≥0.5, RNG: (≤0.12-≥128); R(21%)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS PSEUDOPNEUMONIAE
  • Keith2006 - Characteristics of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae Isolated from Purulent Sputum Samples.
  • Rolo2013 - Disease Isolates of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae and Non-Typeable S. pneumoniae Presumptively Identified as Atypical S. pneumoniae in Spain.
  • Arbique2004 - Accuracy of phenotypic and genotypic testing for identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and description of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae sp. nov.
  • Kinumaki2015 - Characterization of the gut microbiota of Kawasaki disease patients by metagenomic analysis
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS PSEUDOPNEUMONIAE
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Hu2019 - The Gut Microbiome Signatures Discriminate Healthy From Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS PSEUDOPNEUMONIAE
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021