Streptococcus suis

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccobacillus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 6 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 38-42%. Streptococcus suis is probably a rare gut coloniser. (KilpperBalz1987; Whiley2011Bergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from pig disease, clinical sources, human faeces. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread (notes: zoonotic pathogen). It is an opportunistic pathogen. A possible gut commensal. Robust growth can have negative consequences for gut health.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (KilpperBalz1987); (Whiley2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • aesculin; arginine; starch;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Strain-variable at 40%
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 10℃; doesn't grow at 45℃;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; mannose; glycogen; inulin; lactose; maltose; pullulan; melibiose; raffinose; sucrose; trehalose; α-methyl glucoside; N-Ac glucosamine; salicin;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent substrate utilisation:
  • melibiose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Ala arylamidase; Ala-Phe-Pro arylamidase; arginine dihydrolase; α-galactosidase; α-glucosidase; β-glucosidase; β-glucuronidase; Gly arylamidase; Leu arylamidase; ornithine decarboxylase;
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent active enzymes:
  • β-galactosidase; hyaluridonase; pyroGlu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (KilpperBalz1987); (Whiley2011Bergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • ✗
  • VP test:
  • not active
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha, beta
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • chlortetracycline; doxycycline;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • lincomycin;

  • Streptococcus suis is a major porcine pathogen in many countries. It causes serious zoonotic diseases (diseases which can be transmitted naturally between animals and humans) such as meningitis, septicaemia, endocarditis, arthritis, and septic shock in both pigs and human beings, and mortality is high. [UP000002359] There are more than 20 proposed virulence factors contributing to the pathogenesis of S. suis infections. These factors include the capsular polysaccharide (CPS), muramidase-release protein (Mrp), extracellular factor (EF) and suilysin. CPS is the only proven critical virulence factor of S. suis. Unencapsulated isogenic mutants were shown to be avirulent in pig and mouse models of infection. CPS facilitates the survival of the organism in the bloodstream. The sialic acid component located in the terminal position of CPS is likely to be responsible for the antiphagocytosis. Despite the lack of evidence that Mrp, EF and suilysin play a critical role in virulence, a positive association was observed between the presence of these factors and virulence in European and Asian strains. In addition, suilysin appears to be toxic to not only epithelial and endothelial cells but also monocytes and neutrophils, suggesting a role in the immune evasion of the host. [PMID: 21479213]

  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website]

    Streptococci are non-motile, Gram-positive cocci with widely varying pathogenic potential that occur in pairs or chains. Streptococcus suis is a major porcine pathogen in many countries. It causes serious zoonotic diseases (diseases which can be transmitted naturally between animals and humans) such as meningitis, septicaemia, endocarditis, arthritis, and septic shock in both pigs and human beings, and mortality is high. There are 35 serotypes of S.suis, of which serotype SS2 is the most prevalent. Two recent large-scale outbreaks of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) in China were caused by SS2 (in 1998 and 2005). Human infection is almost always associated with exposure to pigs or their food products. Infection is rare in Europe and N. America, while infections rates with S. suis are greater in S.E. Asia and China. Meningitis is the most common presentation in humans, but septicemia and endocarditis are also seen. Highly pathogenic strain ST1 (sequence type 1) GZ1 was isolated in 2005 from a patient in Guizhou Province, China who had septicemia. Based on comparison of different genomes it is suggested that strain GZ1 evolved from an intermediately pathogenic S.suis (such as ST25 89/1591) and has since undergone further evolution to become the epidemic strain ST7 SC84 (STRSX) (adapted from PMID 19016627). [UP000002359]

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Streptococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccobacillus
    Health:   Negative
    Source:  pig disease, clinical sources, human faeces
    DNA G+C(%):  38-42
    Low T(℃):  10(neg)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  40(d)
    		Aesculin:  + Urea:  neg Starch:  + Arginine:  + Hippurate:  neg
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  neg D-Arabinose:  neg L-Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Fucose:  neg D-Fucose:  neg Galactose:  vr Glucose:  + Mannose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  neg Sorbose:  neg D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  neg L-Xylose:  neg Cellubiose:  neg Gentiobiose:  neg Lactose:  + Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  d(+) Sucrose:  + Trehalose:  + Turanose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Dextrin:  neg Glycogen:  + Inulin:  + Adonitol:  neg D-Arabitol:  neg L-Arabitol:  neg Dulcitol:  neg Erythritol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Inositol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Xylitol:  neg Arbutin:  neg Gluconate:  neg 2-Ketogluconate:  neg 5-Ketogluconate:  neg Me-α-D-Glc:  d(+) Me-α-D-Mann:  neg Me-Xyloside:  neg NAc-α-GA:  + Salicin:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Melibiose:  d Hippurate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg Urease:  neg Hyaluridonase:  d Ac-β-glcamnd:  vr α-Fucosidase:  neg α-Galactosidase:  + β-Galactosidase:  d α-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucosidase:  + β-Glucuronidase:  + β-Mannosidase:  vr ArgDH:  + GluDC:  neg OrnDC:  + AlanineAA:  + AlaPheProAA:  + GluGluAA:  neg GlyAA:  + LeuAA:  + LeuGlyAA:  neg PyrrolidAA:  neg PyrogluAA:  d AlkalineP:  neg AcidP:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    amoxicillin:  R(MIC50): 620, MIC90: 1240, RNG: (78-1240)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  R(MIC50): 9.7, MIC90: 38.8, RNG: (4.8-38.8)
    chlortetracycline:  R(MIC50): >32, MIC90: >32, RNG: (≤0.5->32)
    lincomycin:  R(MIC50): 310, MIC90: 310, RNG: (78-620)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS SUIS
  • KilpperBalz1987 - Streptococcus suis sp. nov., nom. rev.
  • Whiley2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Streptococcaceae, Genus I. Streptococcus
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS SUIS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • King2019 - Baseline human gut microbiota profile in healthy people and standard reporting template.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • New2022 - Collective effects of human genomic variation on microbiome function.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS SUIS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: February 08, 2021