Streptococcus viridans

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Streptococcus viridans is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus bacterium. It has been detected in at least 2 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. Streptococcus viridans is probably a rare gut coloniser.



  • This organism has been recovered from oral cavity and human faeces. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. A possible gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
    Character Response
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • glucose;
  • Active enzymes:
  • Leu arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • indole;
  • Haemolysis:
  • alpha (variable)
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ertapenem; imipenem; penicillin G;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefamandole; cefazolin; cefdinir; cefuroxime; cephalothin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; quinupristin-dalfopristin; telithromycin;
  • Tetracyclines:
  • doxycycline; tigecycline;
  • Quinolines:
  • clinafloxacin; garenoxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; moxifloxacin; norfloxacin; ofloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Aminoglycosides:
  • gentamicin; streptomycin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • co-trimoxazole;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • lincomycin; telithromycin;
  • Streptococci are members of the normal flora. Virulence factors of group A streptococci include (1) M protein and lipoteichoic acid for attachment; (2) a hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits phagocytosis; (3) other extracellular products, such as pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxin, which causes the rash of scarlet fever; and (4) streptokinase, streptodornase (DNase B), and streptolysins. Some strains are nephritogenic. Immune-mediated sequelae do not reflect dissemination of bacteria. Nongroup A strains have no defined virulence factors. In humans, diseases associated with the streptococci occur chiefly in the respiratory tract, bloodstream, or as skin infections. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]
  • GutFeeling KnowledgeBase COMMENTS [Website] The genus Streptococcus , a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria, has broad significance in medicine and industry. Various streptococci are important ecologically as part of the normal microbial flora of animals and humans; some can also cause diseases that range from subacute to acute or even chronic. Among the significant human diseases attributable to streptococci are scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, glomerulonephritis, and pneumococcal pneumonia. Streptococci are essential in industrial and dairy processes and as indicators of pollution. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7611/]

  • Drasar, BS & MJ Hill (1974). Composition of the gut flora. Human intestinal flora. Vol. (BS Drasar and MJ Hill, eds.), pp. 26-35 Academic Press Inc. Ltd., London.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Streptococcaceae Genus:  Streptococcus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Coccus
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  oral cavity and human faeces
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Glucose:  + Inulin:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Catalase:  neg LeuAA:  + PyrrolidAA:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Lactate:  + Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 4, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    ampicillin:  Var(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06->8)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    piper-taz:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.06-8)
    ertapenem:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.008-4)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.016, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (≤0.008-2)
    cefamandole:  S(≤0.12/0.5)
    cefazolin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06-8)
    cefdinir:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.03-0.25)
    cefuroxime:  S(≤0.2)
    cephalothin:  S(≤0.12/0.5)
    gentamicin:  R(MIC50): 12.5, MIC90: 25, RNG: (0.05-25)
    streptomycin:  R(MIC50): 50, MIC90: 100, RNG: (1.56-100)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): >0.03, MIC90: >4, RNG: (≤0.03->4)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (≤0.12-2)
    telithromycin:  S(MIC50): ≤0.12, MIC90: ≤0.12, RNG: (≤0.12-0.5)
    ciprofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25-8)
    clinafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.06-0.125)
    garenoxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.06-0.25)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-0.5)
    levofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.25-1)
    moxifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (0.12-0.5)
    norfloxacin:  S(1.56)
    ofloxacin:  S(1.56)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06->2)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    doxycycline:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: -, RNG: (0.03-16)
    minocycline:  Var(MIC50): >1, MIC90: >8, RNG: (≤0.06->8)
    tetracycline:  Var(MIC50): >4, MIC90: >8, RNG: (0.12->8)
    tigecycline:  S(MIC50): 0.03, MIC90: 0.12, RNG: (0.008-0.5)
    vancomycin:  Var(MIC50): 3.12, MIC90: 3.12, RNG: (0.78-3.12)
    co-trimoxazole:  S(MIC50): >0.25, MIC90: >2, RNG: (≤0.25->2)
    clindamycin:  Var(MIC50): 0.12, MIC90: 8, RNG: (≤0.12->16)
    lincomycin:  SensRNG: (0.02-1)

    References

    GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS VIRIDANS
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
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    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS VIRIDANS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021