Terrisporobacter glycolicus

(aka Clostridium glycolicum)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Terrisporobacter glycolicus, (aka Clostridium glycolicum), is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. It has been detected in at least 11 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 29.1%. Terrisporobacter glycolicus is probably a common, although minor, coloniser of the gut. (Chamkha2001; Gaston1963; Rainey2011fBergey)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, wastewater and clinical sources (wounds, abscesses and peritoneal fluid). The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 2, i.e., risk of individual infection, but low risk of spread. It is an opportunistic pathogen. Is a known gut commensal.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Chamkha2001); (Gaston1963); (Rainey2011fBergey);
    Character Response
  • ±
  • Strain-dependent hydrolysis or digestion:
  • milk;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate 6.5% salt;
  • 💧
  • Bile tolerance:
  • Doesn't tolerate 20% bile
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 9.5; Grows optimally at pH 7.4-7.6.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • grows at 22℃; grows at 37℃; Grows optimally at 30-37℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • fructose; glucose; xylose; maltose; dulcitol; sorbitol;
  • ⥅
  • Substrates assimilated or utilised:
  • dulcitol; fructose; glucose; sorbitol; xylose; arginine; glycine; histidine; isoleucine; leucine; lysine; methionine; proline; serine; threonine; valine; succinate; ethylene glycol; 1,2-propanediol; Casamino acids; m-coumarate;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Chamkha2001); (Rainey2011fBergey);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • acetate; isobutyrate; ethanol; propanol; isovalerate;
  • ✗
  • Metabolites not produced:
  • butyrate; caproate; indole;
  • ✗
  • Haemolysis:
  • absent
  • ✗
  • Nitrate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Sulfate:
  • not reduced
  • ✗
  • Thiosulfate:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS (Cheng2016); (Goldstein2014); (Goldstein2006); (Citron2003); (Schaumann1999);
    Class Active Resistant
  • Penicillins:
  • amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin-sulbactam; imipenem; penicillin G; piperacillin-tazobactam;
  • Cephalosporins:
  • cefoxitin;
  • Macrolides:
  • erythromycin; fidaxomicin; quinupristin-dalfopristin;
  • Quinolines:
  • ciprofloxacin; gatifloxacin; trovafloxacin;
  • Polypep/ketides:
  • bacitracin;
  • Heterocycles:
  • metronidazole;
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin; dalbavancin; teicoplanin;
  • Miscellaneous antibiotics:
  • clindamycin; linezolid;

  • Finegold, S. M., Howard, R. A., & Vera, L. S. (1974). Effect of diet on human intestinal fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 27, 1456–1469.

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Clostridia Order:  Eubacteriales Family:  Clostridiaceae Genus:  Terrisporobacter Alt. name:  Clostridium glycolicum Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  strictly anaerobic Spore:  Endospore Motility:  Swimming Morphology:  Rod
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, wastewater and clinical sources (wounds, abscesses and peritoneal fluid)
    DNA G+C(%):  29.1
    Opt. T:  30-37℃
    Lower T(℃):  22(+)
    Mid T(℃):  37(+)
    NaCl >6%:  6.5(neg)
    Opt. pH:  7.4-7.6
    pH >8:  9.5(neg)
    Bile reaction(%):  20(neg)
    		Aesculin:  neg Gelatin:  neg Starch:  neg Milk:  d Meat:  vr
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Fructose:  + Glucose:  + Xylose:  + Maltose:  + Dulcitol:  + Sorbitol:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Arabinose:  neg Fructose:  + Galactose:  neg Glucose:  + Rhamnose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  neg Maltose:  w Melibiose:  neg Raffinose:  neg Sucrose:  neg Trehalose:  neg Amygdalin:  neg Cellulose:  neg Dextrin:  neg Dulcitol:  + Ethanol:  neg Ethanolamine:  neg Glycerol:  neg Glycogen:  neg Inositol:  neg Inulin:  neg Pectin:  neg Salicin:  neg Sorbitol:  + Starch:  neg Arg:  + Gly:  + His:  + Ile:  + Leu:  + Lys:  + Met:  + Pro:  + Ser:  + Thr:  + Val:  + Lactate:  neg Succinate:  +
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Lecithinase:  neg Lipase:  neg
    METABOLITES - PRODUCTION & USE
    Fuel Usable Metabolites Metabolites Released Special Products Compounds Produced

    		Acetate:  + Butyrate:  neg Isobutyrate:  + Ethanol:  + Propanol:  + Isovalerate:  + Caproate:  neg Indole:  neg
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Augmentin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.06-1)
    ampicillin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.03–>128)
    amp-sulb:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–1)
    penicillin_G:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.25, RNG: (≤0.03->32)
    piper-taz:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.02-2)
    imipenem:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.03-1)
    cefoxitin:  S(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–8)
    erythromycin:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25-8)
    fidaxomicin:  S(0.03)
    quin-dalf:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (0.125-0.5)
    linezolid:  S(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.5-4)
    ciprofloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06-8)
    gatifloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06-1)
    levofloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 2, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.25–>16)
    moxifloxacin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.25–8)
    trovafloxacin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.03-1)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    dalbavancin:  S(MIC50): 0.125, MIC90: 0.5, RNG: (≤0.015-1)
    teicoplanin:  S(MIC50): 0.25, MIC90: 1, RNG: (0.06–8)
    vancomycin:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.25->32)
    bacitracin:  R(MIC50): 16, MIC90: 128, RNG: (0.5–>128)
    metronidazole:  S(MIC50): 0.5, MIC90: 2, RNG: (0.02-2)
    clindamycin:  S(MIC50): 0.06, MIC90: 4, RNG: (0.02-8)
    daptomycin:  Var(MIC50): 1, MIC90: 8, RNG: (0.06-16)

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR TERRISPOROBACTER GLYCOLICUS
  • Cheng2016 - A case report of a deep surgical site infection with Terrisporobacter glycolicus/T. Mayombei and review of the literature.
  • Doumatey2020 - Gut Microbiome Profiles Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in Urban Africans
  • Finegold2002 - Gastrointestinal microflora studies in late-onset autism
  • Goldstein2014 - Comparative in vitro activities of SMT19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against 162 strains from 35 less frequently recovered intestinal Clostridium species: implications for Clostridium difficile recurrence.
  • Goldstein2006 - In vitro activity of moxifloxacin against 923 anaerobes isolated from human intra-abdominal infections.
  • Citron2003 - In vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, bacitracin, and four other antimicrobials against intestinal anaerobic bacteria.
  • Schaumann1999 - In vitro activities of gatifloxacin, two other quinolones, and five nonquinolone antimicrobials against obligately anaerobic bacteria.
  • Kusel2001 - Physiological ecology of Clostridium glycolicum RD-1, an aerotolerant acetogen isolated from sea grass roots.
  • Chamkha2001 - Isolation of a cinnamic acid-metabolizing Clostridium glycolicum strain from oil mill wastewaters and emendation of the species description.
  • Gaston1963 - Fermentation of ethylene glycol by Clostridium glycolicum, sp. n.
  • Rainey2011fBergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Clostridiaceae, Genus I. Clostridium - Cluster XI
  • ...............................
    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR TERRISPOROBACTER GLYCOLICUS
  • Aujoulat2014 - Temporal dynamics of the very premature infant gut dominant microbiota.
  • Benno1986 - Comparison of the fecal microflora in rural Japanese and urban Canadians.
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Finegold1974 - Effect of diet on human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets
  • Finegold1977 - Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects.
  • Forster2019 - A human gut bacterial genome and culture collection for improved metagenomic analyses.
  • Lagier2016 - Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics.
  • Pfleiderer2013 - Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample.
  • RajilicStojanovic2014 - The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • Zupancic2012 - Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in the Old Order Amish and Its Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome.
  • ...............................
    • GENERAL REFERENCES FOR TERRISPOROBACTER GLYCOLICUS
  • Ludwig2009 - Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes.
    • Added: April 08, 2021