Tetragenococcus halophilus

(aka Pediococcus halophilus)

Bacteria
General | Carbohydrate O/F | Substrate utilisation | Enzymes | Metabolites | Antibiotics

Overview

  • Tetragenococcus halophilus, (aka Pediococcus halophilus), is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, tetrad bacterium. It has been detected in at least 3 gut microbiome compilation studies or metastudies. The DNA G+C content is 34-36%. Tetragenococcus halophilus is likely to be transient and not a long-term gut coloniser. (Dicks2011Bergey; Collins1990)



  • This organism has been recovered from human faeces, soy sauce and pickling brines. The risk classification (www.baua.de) for this organism is 1, i.e., low risk of infection and spread. Pathogenicity status unknown, or very unlikely to be pathogenic. Likely to be transient and not a long-term gut commensal.
    • QUIRKS
  • High salt required for optimum growth, so unlikely gut coloniser.
    • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (Dicks2011Bergey); (Collins1990);
    Character Response
  • Substrates hydrolysed or digested:
  • hippurate;
  • 🧂
  • Salt tolerance:
  • tolerates 10% salt; Grows optimally with 5-10% salt.
  • pH
  • Acidity tolerance:
  • doesn't tolerate pH 4.5; tolerates pH 9; Grows optimally at pH 7.0-8.0.
  • 🌡
  • Temperature tolerance:
  • doesn't grow at 10℃; doesn't grow at 45℃; Grows optimally at 25-35℃.
  • H+
  • Acid from carbohydrates usually produced:
  • arabinose; fructose; galactose; glucose; mannose; ribose; xylose; amygdalin; cellubiose; maltose; sucrose; D-turanose; adonitol; arbutin; gluconate;
  • Active enzymes:
  • pyrrolidine arylamidase;
    • SPECIAL FEATURES (Dicks2011Bergey); (Collins1990);
    Character Response
  • ✓
  • Metabolites produced:
  • lactate;
  • ✗
  • NO3➔NO2:
  • not reduced
    • RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS
    Class Active Resistant
  • Vancomycins:
  • vancomycin;

    • Details

    GENERAL
    Lineage Physiology General Growth Tolerances Hydrol./digest./degr.
    Phylum:  Firmicutes Class:  Bacilli Order:  Lactobacillales Family:  Enterococcaceae Genus:  Tetragenococcus Alt. name:  Pediococcus halophilus Gram stain:  + O2 Relation.:  facultatively anaerobic Spore:  No spore Motility:  Sessile Morphology:  Tetrad
    Health:  Unknown
    Source:  human faeces, soy sauce and pickling brines
    DNA G+C(%):  34-36
    Opt. T:  25-35℃
    Low T(℃):  10(neg)
    High T(℃):  45(neg)
    NaCl >6%:  10(+)
    Opt. pH:  7.0-8.0
    pH 4.2-5.9:  4.5(neg)
    pH >8:  9(+)
    		Arginine:  neg Hippurate:  +
    CARBOHYDRATE ACID FORMATION
    Monosaccharide O/F Oligosaccharide O/F Polysaccharide O/F Polyol O/F Other O/F
    Arabinose:  + Fructose:  + Galactose:  + Glucose:  + Mannose:  + D-Lyxose:  neg Rhamnose:  neg Ribose:  + D-Tagatose:  neg Xylose:  + Cellubiose:  + Lactose:  neg Maltose:  + Melezitose:  neg Melibiose:  neg Sucrose:  + Turanose:  + Amygdalin:  + Inulin:  neg Starch:  neg Adonitol:  + Dulcitol:  neg Glycerol:  neg Mannitol:  neg Sorbitol:  neg Arbutin:  + Gluconate:  +
    SUBSTRATE ASSIMILATION & UTILISATION
    Monosaccharide util/assim Oligosaccharide util/assim Other carboh. util/assim Amino acid util/assim Organic acid util/assim
    Acetate:  neg
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    Enzymes: General Enzymes: Carbohydrate Enzymes: Protein Enzymes: Arylamidases Enzymes: Esters/fats
    Oxidase:  neg Catalase:  neg PyrrolidAA:  +
    ANTIBIOTICS ℞
    Penicillins & Penems (μg/mL) Cephalosporins (μg/mL) Aminoglycosides (μg/mL) Macrolides (μg/mL) Quinolones (μg/mL)
    Tetracyclines (μg/mL) Vancomycin Class (μg/mL) Polypep/ketides (μg/mL) Heterocycles (μg/mL) Other (μg/mL)
    vancomycin:  Sens

    References

    SPECIFIC REFERENCES FOR TETRAGENOCOCCUS HALOPHILUS
  • Dicks2011Bergey - Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 3, The Firmicutes. Family Enterococcaceae, Genus III. Tetragenococcus
  • Collins1990 - The phylogeny of Aerococcus and Pediococcus as determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis: description of Tetragenococcus gen. nov.
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    • GUT MICROBIOME COMPILATIONS AND METASTUDIES FOR TETRAGENOCOCCUS HALOPHILUS
  • Byrd2020 - Stability and dynamics of the human gut microbiome and its association with systemic immune traits.
  • Yang2020 - Species-Level Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota With Metataxonomics.
  • Yang2020a - Establishing high-accuracy biomarkers for colorectal cancer by comparing fecal microbiomes in patients with healthy families
  • Zeller2014 - Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer
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    • Added: December 15, 2021